Front Cover
Front Cover
Copyright
First published on Amazon.com by Morgan Partridge in 2024
This edition was published in 2024 by Morgan Partridge
Copyright © 2024 Morgan Partridge
The moral right of the author has been asserted.
All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmit in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of the author, nor otherwise circulated in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser.
Disclaimer
The information contained in "Ubuntu Unleashed: Mastering 24.04 LTS" (the "Book") is for general information purposes only. The author and the publisher have made every effort to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the information within this Book as of the date of publication.
However, software, technology, and the field of information technology are constantly evolving. Therefore, the author and publisher make no representations or warranties of any kind, express or implied, about the completeness, accuracy, reliability, suitability, or availability of the content of the Book for any purpose. Any reliance placed on such information is, therefore, strictly at the reader's own risk.
Neither the publisher nor the author shall be held liable or responsible to any person or entity with respect to any loss or incidental or consequential damages caused, or alleged to have been caused, directly or indirectly, by the information or programs contained herein.
This Book is not intended as a substitute for the advice of an appropriately qualified and licensed professional or technician. If professional assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought.
Every effort has been made to make this Book as complete and as accurate as possible, but no warranty or fitness is implied. The information is provided on an "as is" basis.
The author and publisher have no responsibility or liability to any person or entity concerning any liability, loss, or risk, personal or otherwise, which is incurred as a consequence, directly or indirectly, of the use and application of any of the content of this Book.
Acknowledgments
To my family without whom none of this would have been possible.
Linus Torvalds is the creator of Linux and holder of the Linux trademark and is acknowledged as such, and he does not support or sponsor this self-help learning book.
Linux® is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the U.S. and other countries
Canonical. and the community, for developing and maintaining Ubuntu 24.04 LTS.
Blizzard for developing and publishing World of Warcraft that I really love and enjoy.
WINE or Wine Is Not An Emulator for the compatibility layer.
Lutris making it far more accessible to Install and play games and software.
Gabe Newell and Valve for developing and publishing the Steam Store.
The OpenDyslexic font in the Dyslexic-friendly edition this book is written in was made by Abbie Gonzalez at https://antijingoist.gumroad.com/l/OpenDyslexic and https://opendyslexic.org/.
Table Of Contents
Table of Contents
Recommended Hardware Requirements
System Requirements Explanation
Downloading Ubuntu 24.04 LTS ISO
Installing Ventoy And Copying Over The Ubuntu 24.04 LTS ISO
Installing Brasero And Burning The Ubuntu 24.04 LTS ISO
Installing CDBurnerXP And Burning The Ubuntu 24.04 LTS ISO
Setting Boot Order In Motherboard BIOS
Booting Into Ubuntu 24.04 LTS ISO Installation
Using A Ventoy Powered USB Drive
DVD Disc Burned By Brasero/CDBurnerXP
Ubuntu 24.04 LTD Installation Using Flutter-based Graphical Installer
What apps would you like to start with?
Install recommended proprietary software?
How do you want to install Ubuntu?
Entering Your Password for Special Commands
Updating Ubuntu Over Mobile Broadband
Fixing Login Screen Glitches with NVIDIA Cards
Resolving Missing .deb Packages
First Time Logging Into Ubuntu 24.04 LTS
Wayland Compositor NVIDIA Glitches
For AMD/Intel/Other Graphics Cards
Adding Users To The Sudoers File
Suspending Root Account In Ubuntu 24.04 LTS
Modifying /etc/ssh/ssh_config:
Sources.list Command Line and GUI
APT Update & Upgrade Command Line
Disabling Update Notifications
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS Software Sources
Setting Software Install As Default For .deb
Setting gdebi As Default For .deb
Example AppImage .desktop Shortcut Creation
UDP Ports for Smooth Online Play:
UFW - Multi-Port & Range Port Rules
GUFW Multi Port Rules & Range Port Rules
clamd .conf Command Line & GUI Setup
Automatic ClamAV Updates And Daily Scans
Unplugging Wired & Wireless Network Connections
Removing Unnecessary USB & PS/2 Devices
Get A Technical Professional To Help Remove Internal Network Adapters
Duct Tape For Covering The Webcam & Microphone
Gnu Image Manipulation Program (GIMP)
Integrated Development Environments (IDE’s)
oobabooga (Text Generation GUI)
Negative Prompts For Stable Diffusion
Unofficial ChatGPT Desktop Application
Night Light (Cinnamon & Redshift)
Possible PipeWire Sound Crackle & Popping Fixes
Adding Startup Applications In Cinnamon
Adding Startup Application in GNOME
Auto Mount Partitions Using GNOME Disks
Cinnamon Screenshot Keybindings
Changing flashspot Color Attribute Via Command Line & GUI:
Creating Screenshots Folder Via GUI:
Focused Window Screenshot Via GUI:
Fullscreen Screenshot Via GUI:
GNOME Overview & Windows Keybinds
Changing Show The Overview Keybind Via GUI:
Changing Switch Windows Keybind Via GUI:
Changing Take A Screenshot Keybind Via GUI:
Changing Take A Screenshot Of A Window Via GUI:
Changing Take A Screenshot Of A Window Interactively Via GUI:
Making Files And Folders Immutable
Cinnamon Windows Alt-Tab Switcher
Adding User To The Vboxusers File
Possible Fix For Lutris World of Warcraft Black Screen In-Game Store Issue
Possible Fix For WINE-Staging World of Warcraft Black Screen In-Game Store Issue
Possible Fix for DirectX 12 Graphics Error
Retail World Of Warcraft Vanilla AddOn Suite
Running Battle.net From The Command Line
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS Command Reference
Essential System Commands for File and Directory Management
Mastering APT: Advanced Package Management Techniques
Mastering Flatpak: Installation, Management, and Beyond
Snap Operations: A Comprehensive Guide to Installing, Managing, and Exploring Snap Applications
Mastering File Ownership Modification
Mastering File Permissions: A Comprehensive Guide to Managing Access and Security Settings
Introduction
“Ubuntu Unleashed: Mastering 24.04 LTS” is your go-to guide for the latest Ubuntu version. It’s perfect for both experts and newcomers to Linux. This book takes you through every step, from setting up to managing your system.
Make sure your computer meets Ubuntu’s hardware needs. Follow clear instructions to get the Ubuntu 24.04 LTS ISO file and prepare your installation media, like USBs or DVDs. Learn to create bootable media with Ventoy or CDBurnerXP and adjust your BIOS settings for a hassle-free install.
Enjoy the easy Flutter-based installer to set up Ubuntu. You can pick your language, keyboard, and internet settings. Choose the installation type that fits you and consider adding extra software.
After installing, learn to log in and use the Ubuntu desktop. Set up user accounts and permissions safely, including sudo access.
Keep your system safe with a guide on security tools like UFW and ClamAV. Set up firewalls and antivirus to protect your computer.
But there’s more than just security. The book covers software management, office programs, email, and photo editing. It introduces IDEs, streaming tools, and privacy software to boost your work and keep your data safe.
For gamers, remote workers, and cloud users, this book offers tips on system customization and using Ubuntu’s features to the fullest.
With “Ubuntu Unleashed: Mastering 24.04 LTS,” you’ll fully explore what Ubuntu 24.04 LTS offers, enhancing your computing power and flexibility.
What Is Ubuntu 24.04?
Ubuntu 24.04, known as Noble Numbat, is a culmination of two decades of innovation aimed at empowering developers. This version promises to push the boundaries of open-source development for the next 12 years. It’s built on the robust Linux 6.8 kernel, ensuring compatibility with a vast range of hardware. The release isn’t just a checkpoint; it’s a springboard for continuous improvement and expansion within Ubuntu’s lifecycle and beyond, always striving to fulfill its mission and uphold the values of the Ubuntu Desktop.
The new release simplifies the process of getting Ubuntu onto machines, whether they come pre-installed from OEM partners like Dell, HP, and Lenovo, or are installed by users. The desktop installer has been revamped, now sharing the same Subiquity backend as the server version for consistency and easier maintenance. A fresh Flutter-based frontend enhances user experience, while new encryption options and autoinstall support streamline the installation process. The App Center, also Flutter-based, offers a sleek interface for app management, and the introduction of GNOME 46 brings performance and usability enhancements to the desktop environment.
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS doesn’t just stop at installation convenience; it extends its reach into secure software management. Personal Package Archives (PPAs) have been fortified with stronger signing protocols, and unprivileged user namespace creation is now tightly controlled for added security. The proposed pocket for software updates has been refined, allowing users to test specific features without risking system stability. This LTS release is not just an update; it’s a commitment to building a future-proof platform that will serve as a foundation for open-source projects to come.
Install Test Machine Details
| Hardware | |
| Processor | AMD Ryzen 7 5800X3D 8-Core |
| Graphics | NVIDIA Gigabyte RTX 3060 12GB |
| Memory | 64GB RAM |
| Storage | 3TB SSD with DRAM Cache |
| Display | 1080p Resolution Monitor |
Our test rig packs a punch with an AMD Ryzen 7 5800X3D processor and a NVIDIA RTX 3060 card. With 64GB RAM and 3TB SSD, including a DRAM Cache, it handles data smoothly. The 1080p monitor brings out sharp, lively visuals, perfect for intense computing needs.
System Requirements
| Hardware | Minimum | Recommended |
| Processor | 9th Gen Intel Core or 1st Gen AMD Ryzen Hex or Octa-Core CPU (64-bit) | 10th Gen Intel Core or 2nd Gen AMD Ryzen Hex or Octa-Core CPU (64-bit) |
| Graphics | NVIDIA GTX 1060 6GB or equivalent AMD or Intel graphics card | NVIDIA RTX 2060 6GB or equivalent AMD or Intel graphics card |
| Memory | 16GB RAM | 32GB RAM |
| Storage | 256GB SSD with DRAM Cache | 512GB SSD with DRAM Cache |
| Display | 1080p Resolution Monitor |
Minimum Hardware Requirements
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS calls for a robust setup to run smoothly. Your machine should have at least a 9th Gen Intel Core or a 1st Gen AMD Ryzen Hex or Octa-Core CPU, ensuring swift and responsive computing. The graphics need to be on par with an NVIDIA GTX 1060 6GB, or its AMD or Intel counterparts, for crisp and vivid visuals. A minimum of 16GB RAM is essential for multitasking without hiccups, while a 256GB SSD with DRAM Cache will offer ample and speedy storage. Lastly, a 1080p monitor will display the clarity and detail you expect from such a powerful system.
Recommended Hardware Requirements
For Ubuntu 24.04, the ideal setup includes a 10th Gen Intel Core or a 2nd Gen AMD Ryzen Hex or Octa-Core CPU, paired with an NVIDIA RTX 2060 6GB or a similar AMD or Intel GPU. It should be complemented by 32GB of RAM and a 512GB SSD that has a DRAM Cache. This combination ensures a smooth and responsive experience, catering to both computing power and efficient data access, providing users with a reliable and robust system for various tasks.
System Requirements Explanation
The system requirements for Ubuntu 24.04 LTS were based on a variety of sources including the official Ubuntu 24.04 LTS system requirements, viewable at:
https://ubuntu.com/download/desktop#system-requirements
in addition to the Official World of Warcraft System Requirements, which are shown at:
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS Pre-Install
Downloading Ubuntu 24.04 LTS ISO
To download Ubuntu 24.04 ISO files, here are simple steps:
For the Standard Ubuntu 24.04 ISO with Flutter-based Graphical Installer:
Go to:
https://ubuntu.com/download/desktop
Click "Download 24.04 LTS" to download ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso from this page.
Selecting Installation Media
Type A USBs are widely recognized and cost-effective, making them a practical choice for general use. They’re not reversible, which can be a minor inconvenience. On the flip side, Type C USBs boast faster data transfer and power delivery, suitable for modern needs. They’re reversible, easing connectivity, but come with a higher price tag and may not mesh with older devices.
Ventoy is a versatile, open-source tool that simplifies creating bootable USB drives. It supports a wide range of file formats and operating systems, allowing multiple bootable files to be stored and selected from a menu. With Ventoy, there’s no need for repeated disk formatting—just copy your files to the USB and boot directly. It’s compatible with various BIOS and UEFI types and even supports network booting with iVentoy. Its user-friendly design, coupled with robust features like secure boot and persistence support, makes it a go-to solution for booting and installing operating systems efficiently.
Remember to back up your data.
To set up Ventoy for Ubuntu 24.04, follow these easy steps:
That’s it! Your USB is now ready for the Ubuntu installation on either Linux or Windows.
DVD-R/RW discs offer a nostalgic charm and are great for archival storage, as they’re less prone to data loss from electromagnetic interference. However, they’re fragile and the storage capacity is limited compared to USB drives. Type A and Type C USBs boast faster data transfer speeds and a sturdier build, making them ideal for frequent use and portability. The downside? They can be pricier and more susceptible to data corruption from viruses or hardware failure. In essence, DVDs are your go-to for long-term storage on a budget, while USBs shine for efficiency and durability in everyday tasks.
Brasero is a user-friendly GNOME application for burning CDs and DVDs, offering a variety of features for easy and quick disc creation. It supports editing disc contents, multisession, and Joliet extensions, and can write images to the hard drive. For audio CDs, it handles a wide range of formats and allows detailed editing of track silences. Additionally, Brasero can copy discs, save projects, erase rewritable media, and preview multimedia files. Its interface is customizable and supports drag-and-drop actions, ensuring a smooth disc-burning experience.
To set up Brasero and burn the Ubuntu 24.04 LTS ISO, follow these steps:
For Ubuntu and Ubuntu:
For Red Hat and Fedora:
For Gentoo:
For CentOS 8 and older:
For openSUSE:
For Arch Linux:
Next, grab a blank DVD+R disc (4.7GB) and make sure your DVD writer is compatible. Launch Brasero from your applications menu or by typing brasero in the terminal. In Brasero:
CDBurnerXP is a handy tool for burning CDs, DVDs, and Blu-rays, supporting many formats for robust data storage. It crafts audio CDs, bootable media, and spans data over discs. Features include instant burning, verifying data, and saving projects. It also erases, copies, and fetches disc info, creates ISOs, supports LightScribe, and updates in multiple languages.
Download and Install CDBurnerXP:
Burn the Ubuntu 24.04 LTS ISO:
If you run into any problems, the CDBurnerXP site has resources and a support team to help. Enjoy your Ubuntu experience!
Setting Boot Order In Motherboard BIOS
Booting Into Ubuntu 24.04 LTS ISO Installation
Using A Ventoy Powered USB Drive
To boot into the Ubuntu 24.04 LTS with a Ventoy USB, follow these easy steps:
DVD Disc Burned By Brasero/CDBurnerXP
To install Ubuntu 24.04 LTS using a DVD:
This method is easy and direct, perfect if you prefer a no-fuss installation. It’s all about what works best for you!
Ubuntu 24.04 LTD Installation Using Flutter-based Graphical Installer
Make sure to back up all your needed data securely, both locally and online, so it’s always within reach.
Select A Language
First, pick a language you’re comfortable with from the list, then click ‘Next’ to go to the following step.
Accessibility In Ubuntu
To adjust Ubuntu’s accessibility to your preference or for someone you’re assisting, simply select the options that work best. Once you’re satisfied with the settings, go ahead and hit ‘Next’.
Select Your Keyboard Layout
To set up your keyboard, simply scroll through the list and pick the layout you like. If needed, use the drop-down menu to fine-tune your choice. Then, give it a try in the text box below. Happy with how it feels? Click ‘Next’ to continue. Short, sweet, and to the point—no fuss, no muss!
Connect To The Internet
Decide how to connect your device to the internet: wired or wireless. You can choose visible or hidden SSIDs. Alternatively, select ‘Do not connect to the internet.’ After making your choice, click ‘Next.’
Try or install Ubuntu
Choose to either start installing Ubuntu immediately or test it first using the live desktop. When you’re ready, click ‘Close.
Type of Installation
For a guided setup of Ubuntu 24.04 LTS, pick ‘Interactive Installation’. If you prefer to customize the installation using ‘autoinstall.yaml’ files, choose ‘Automated Installation’. After making your selection, click ‘Next’.
What apps would you like to start with?
Ready to set up your apps? Choose ‘Basic’ to install key tools like web browsers and utilities, or ‘Extended’ for a broader set of programs including office software. Just click your preference and hit ‘Next’ to proceed. Simple, right?
Install recommended proprietary software?
Want better graphics and Wi-Fi, plus more media options? Just check the boxes for third-party software and media format support, then click ‘Next’. Easy!
How do you want to install Ubuntu?
Choose your path:
Manual Installation
Here’s how to partition your drive, step by step:
Just follow these steps, and you’ll have your drive set up in no time! 👍
Create Your Account
Let’s personalize your computer! Enter your name, then pick a name for your computer. Next, create a username for signing in. Choose a strong password—mix up letters (both upper and lower case), numbers, and symbols, aiming for at least 16 characters. Confirm your password, check the box for password login, and you’re all set. Click ‘Next’ to finish up. Simple and secure!
Review your choices
Let’s review your choices before taking the plunge. Double-check your installation settings, ensuring they align with your preferences. Once you’re satisfied, hit that ‘Install’ button. Ready? 🚀
Installation complete
Installation complete! Now, it’s decision time:
Brief Idiosyncrasies Overview
Entering Your Password for Special Commands
When you run commands that require extra permissions—like ‘su -’, ‘sudo apt update’, or ‘sudo snap install’—you’ll need to type in your password. This is the same password you chose during the initial setup of your system, or a new one if you’ve updated it in your account settings. It’s a quick security step!
For instance, you’d see something like this:
example@example:~$ sudo apt update
[sudo] password for example: ********
Remember, it’s all about keeping your system safe!
Updating Ubuntu Over Mobile Broadband
When I update my Ubuntu 24.04 LTS with mobile broadband, I often need to run the update process twice to get all the packages. This extra step isn’t needed with other internet types like ADSL or fiber. It’s a unique hiccup with mobile connections.
Fixing Login Screen Glitches with NVIDIA Cards
If you’re using NVIDIA graphics cards like the MSI 1060 6GB or Gigabyte RTX 3060 12GB and see glitches at the gdm3 login, don’t worry. The default Wayland might not gel well with NVIDIA. Just click the little gear icon at the bottom right of the screen and choose “GNOME on Xorg” before you log in. This quick switch helps you log in smoothly, as Xorg gets along better with NVIDIA cards.
Resolving Missing .deb Packages
Installing .deb files is easy! Just type sudo dpkg -i example.deb in the terminal. If it says you’re missing packages, no problem—just run sudo apt install -f. It’ll grab what you need. This works great if you’re not on Ubuntu 24.04 LTS with GDebi. The terminal is your friend for quick fixes, even if you installed the .deb through the Software Install app. Sometimes, you still need to use the terminal commands to get everything right.
Making Snap Shortcuts Show Up
Sometimes on Ubuntu 24.04 LTS, Snap shortcuts don’t show up right away. To fix this, open the terminal and type:
cd /var/lib/snapd/desktop/applications
sudo cp discord_discord.desktop /usr/share/applications
This moves your Snap shortcuts to the main applications folder, so they pop up in your menu like they should.
First Time Logging Into Ubuntu 24.04 LTS
Wayland Compositor NVIDIA Glitches
If you’re using an NVIDIA card and see weird screen issues, here’s a quick tip: At the login screen, click the gear icon at the bottom right and select “GNOME on Xorg.” Do this every time you log in for a smooth experience. It’s a one-click wonder that sorts out those pesky glitches!
For AMD/Intel/Other Graphics Cards
If you have an AMD, Intel, or other graphics card, logging in is a breeze. Just type in the password you made when you first set up your account. It’s a quick step to get started with your system.
Welcome To Ubuntu 24.04 LTS
To see the updates from the last version to Ubuntu 24.04 LTS, just hit the ‘view changelog’ button. Once you’re done, click ‘next’ to continue.
If you’re online, you can turn on Ubuntu Pro for security updates until 2034 and to meet security standards. If not, just skip it for now. Then hit ‘next’ to go on.
Ready to go
After setting up, you can check out the app center to find new programs, or click ‘finish’ to jump straight into Ubuntu 24.04 LTS. Easy and quick!
Adding Users To The Sudoers File
To give a user sudo access, open the terminal and type:
su -
sudo usermod -aG sudo [your-username]
sudo reboot
Just replace “[your-username]” with the actual username. It’s a quick way to make sure they can run admin commands!
Suspending Root Account In Ubuntu 24.04 LTS
Modifying /usr/sbin/nologin:
To change the login shell to ‘nologin’ for the root user, here’s what you do:
That’s it! Now the root user can’t log in directly, which is safer.
Modifying /etc/ssh/ssh_config:
To update your SSH settings and disable root login, here’s a quick guide:
This will help keep your system secure by not allowing root login over SSH.
Modifying /etc/shadow:
To update the /etc/shadow file, follow these steps:
Open your terminal.
This will prevent the root user from logging in directly, enhancing your system’s security. Remember, handle system files with care! If you need more help, just let me know.
Ubuntu 24.04 Repositories
In Ubuntu 24.04 LTS, you can manage software sources in two ways. First, use the Software & Updates tool to remove the CD-ROM source, which sometimes blocks updates. Then, you can add more sources to get new software. If you prefer the hands-on approach, open the terminal, edit the sources list with gedit, and disable the CD-ROM line. Add any extra lines you need for more software options. After editing, always refresh your sources to apply the changes.
Software & Updates GUI
To adjust your software sources in Ubuntu’s Software & Updates GUI, here’s a simple guide:
Switch to the Other Software tab.
Uncheck the box next to the # deb cdrom: entry.
Click Close and then Reload to refresh your software sources.
This will ensure your system can install a wide variety of software, keeping it versatile and up-to-date.
Sources.list Command Line and GUI
To update your Ubuntu 24.04 LTS sources, you can use the command line or the GUI. Here’s a simpler version of the command line steps:
Command Line:
This will set up your system to receive the latest software from the Ubuntu repositories.
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS makes updating easy. You can update apps or the whole system with the GNOME Software app. If you like using commands, the terminal is there for you. It also has automatic security updates to save you time. Want to manage updates yourself? Just turn off the update alerts and update when you feel like it.
App Centre Updates GUI
To update your apps through the App Centre, follow these easy steps:
This will get all your apps up to speed with the latest versions.
APT Update & Upgrade Command Line
To update your system, open the terminal and type:
sudo apt update
Then, to upgrade the software, enter:
sudo apt upgrade
If you want to update and upgrade without confirming each time, use this:
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
This way, your system will be refreshed and improved with just a few commands.
Disabling Update Notifications
To stop update notifications, let’s tweak your system settings. Here’s how to do it in easy steps:
sudo nano org.gnome.software.gschema.xml
<key name="allow-updates" type="b">
<default>false</default>
<key name="download-updates" type="b">
<default>false</default>
<key name="download-updates-notify" type="b">
<default>false</default>
<key name="show-ratings" type="b">
<default>true</default>
Next, make your changes take effect:
sudo glib-compile-schemas /usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/
That’s it! You’ve successfully disabled update notifications.
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS Software Sources
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS offers a wide range of software options without needing virtualization. For example, Distrobox and BoxBuddy let you run different Linux filesystems like Arch or openSUSE.
For .deb files, you can set ‘Software Install’ as the default opener with a simple double-click to install, which is easier than using the command line. Similarly, GDebi can be your go-to for .deb files, as it fetches required packages automatically, unlike the manual terminal commands.
Flatpak installation on Ubuntu ‘Numbat’ is streamlined with GNOME Software’s plugin, making software browsing a breeze. You’ll find basic Flatpak commands listed for everyday use.
Adding the Flathub repository expands your Flatpak app options, easily explored through GNOME Software.
Snap protocol installation connects you to Canonical’s Snapstore, home to many apps like Discord and Steam, using less bandwidth than Flatpak. Managing snaps is straightforward, and you can even install the Snap Store graphically.
.AppImages can be made runnable with a few clicks in Nautilus, and creating shortcuts for apps like Curseforge is simple. You’ll get a rundown of what each shortcut field means.
AppImageLauncher’s latest .deb can be installed with GDebi, ensuring all dependencies are covered, unlike with GNOME Software.
Pip, the Python package manager, links to PyPI for easy software installs via the terminal.
Node.js and npm installation is done through APT, giving you access to a vast library of packages.
NVM allows you to use different Node.js and npm versions on Ubuntu, though not system-wide. It includes instructions for switching versions.
Lastly, pnpm, another Node.js package manager, centralizes packages for efficient management and is installed via terminal commands.
Setting Software Install As Default For .deb
To set a program as the default for opening .deb files, follow these steps:
This will make sure .deb files always open with the Software Install program.
Setting gdebi As Default For .deb
To set GDebi as the default application for opening .deb files, you can follow these easy steps:
sudo apt install gdebi
This installs GDebi on your system.
That’s it! Now, whenever you double-click a .deb file, GDebi will open it up for you.
Flatpak
Getting Started with Flatpak:
Using Flatpak:
Removing Flatpak:
If you want to uninstall Flatpak from Ubuntu 24.04 LTS ‘Noble Numbat’, just run sudo apt purge flatpak gnome-software-plugin-flatpak.
For more details, check the Flatpak website at
To add Flathub to your system, simply open the terminal and type in:
flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists flathub https://dl.flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo
This command ensures Flathub is added only if it’s not already set up, keeping things tidy. It’s a quick step to access a wide range of applications!
Snap
To set up Snap on your system, you’ll want to open the terminal and type in these commands. First, update your package list with sudo apt update. Next, install Snap itself by entering sudo apt install snapd. Then, to manage Snap packages through the GNOME interface, add sudo apt install gnome-software-plugin-snap. Finally, to get the core Snap system, type sudo snap install core. That’s it! You’re all set to use Snap packages now.
To add Discord: Open the terminal and type:
sudo snap install discord
To uninstall Discord: Type this in the terminal:
sudo snap remove discord
To delete Snap completely from Ubuntu 24.04 LTS: Enter the following:
sudo apt purge snapd
To set up a Discord shortcut for all users: First, go to the Snap applications folder:
cd /var/lib/snapd/desktop/applications
Then, copy the Discord shortcut to the system’s applications folder:
sudo cp discord_discord.desktop /usr/share/applications
To get the Snap Store set up on your computer, you’ll want to open the terminal and type in two commands. First, use sudo snap refresh to update any snaps you already have. Then, type sudo snap install snap-store to install the Snap Store itself. It’s a straightforward process, and once you’ve entered these commands, you’ll have access to a wide range of applications through the Snap Store.
.AppImage
To make a .AppImage file ready to run, here’s a simple guide:
If you want to keep the file unchanged, open a terminal in the Applications folder and type:
sudo chattr +i CurseForge-1.250.2-17763.AppImage
This locks the file until you decide to update it, which is handy since CurseForge updates might break your shortcuts if the file name changes. Just remember, you’ll need to remove the lock to update the file later.
To create a shortcut for an AppImage, open the terminal and type:
cd /usr/share/applications
sudo gedit curseforge1.desktop
Then, fill in the curseforge1.desktop file with:
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Curseforge
Comment=This app manages game mods.
Exec=./Applications/CurseForge-1.250.2-17763.AppImage
Icon=terminal
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Utility;Game;
Remember to save your changes before closing the editor.
Here’s a quick guide to what each field means:
AppImageLauncher
To install AppImageLauncher, follow these easy steps:
https://github.com/TheAssassin/AppImageLauncher/releases
That’s it! You’ve got AppImageLauncher ready to use.
Pip
To install pip, the Python package installer, you’ll want to open your terminal and update your system’s package index first. Here’s how you can do it:
sudo apt update
Once the update is complete, you can proceed to install pip by typing:
sudo apt install pip
This will download and set up pip on your system, allowing you to manage Python packages easily.
Node.js & npm
To set up Node.js and npm on your system, simply open your terminal and enter:
sudo apt install nodejs npm
This command installs Node.js, the JavaScript runtime, and npm, its package manager, swiftly and effortlessly. It’s the first step to enjoying the vast ecosystem of Node.js packages! 🚀
NVM
Here’s a simplified guide to get NVM set up and running:
Update your system:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install curl wget
Install NVM:
curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.3/install.sh | bash
Set up the environment:
export NVM_DIR="$HOME/.nvm"
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh"
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/bash_completion" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/bash_completion"
Restart your computer:
sudo reboot
To install Node.js version 16:
nvm install 16
To switch to Node.js version 16:
nvm use 16
This will get you up and running with NVM and Node.js on your system.
pnpm
To install pnpm, you’ll want to open your terminal and update your package list first. Just type in:
sudo apt update
Next, to get pnpm onto your system, copy and paste this line:
curl -fsSL https://get.pnpm.io/install.sh | sh -
Once you’ve run that, just follow the prompts on your screen, and you’ll be all set!
Homebrew
Keep it handy, and you’ll have Homebrew set up in no time!
Software & Hardware Security
For Ubuntu 24.04 LTS ‘Noble Numbat’, secure your system with these steps:
UFW: A user-friendly interface for iptables, UFW comes with Ubuntu’s Linux 6.8 kernel. Install and manage it using the apt command. Forward necessary ports for online services and games, and set up custom rules for robust security.
GUFW: The graphical counterpart to UFW, GUFW simplifies firewall interactions. Easily add or remove port rules with a few clicks, enhancing your system’s defense.
ClamAV and ClamTk: Use ClamAV for command-line virus scanning and ClamTk for a graphical approach. Schedule scans, check file statuses, and manage updates with ease.
chkrootkit: This tool scans for rootkits from the command line. While it can’t remove them, it’s vital for detection, and other utilities can handle the cleanup.
rkhunter: Install via APT to find and remove rootkits. Set it to update and scan daily, keeping your system clear of these threats.
Firejail and Firetools: Firejail sandboxes applications, isolating them from the rest of your system. Firetools provides a graphical interface for easy sandbox management.
OSSEC: An open-source HIDS, OSSEC monitors system processes and software. Install it and set up a systemd service for continuous security checks.
DNS Over TLS: Protect against MITM attacks by encrypting DNS requests with TLS. Use secure DNS servers like Quad 9 to maintain privacy.
Alternative DNS Services: Choose from various no-log DNS options like Google DNS, Cloudflare DNS, and others, ensuring encrypted and private internet access.
Hosts File Management: Locate and install custom hosts files to map hostnames to IP addresses correctly. Back up and replace the original file carefully.
hosts.deny and superhosts.deny: Use these to block unwanted IP addresses and domains. Back up the original files before installing custom versions for enhanced security.
Keep your system safe with these straightforward measures, and enjoy a secure Ubuntu experience.
UFW (User Friendly Firewall)
Remember, each step is important and contributes to the successful setup of your firewall.
These ports were compiled from the help sections and forums of major gaming companies like Blizzard, Activision, Microsoft, EA, Riot, and Amazon. They’re essential for connecting to game servers and ensuring a good online experience.
To import custom UFW rules, follow these steps:
cd /etc
sudo rm -r ufw gufw
sudo apt purge ufw gufw
sudo apt install ufw
sudo rm -r ufw
cd ~/Downloads/customufw
sudo cp -r ufw /etc
cd /etc
sudo chown -R root ufw
sudo chmod -R 755 ufw
sudo ufw enable
sudo ufw status
Make sure to replace ~/Downloads/customufw with the actual path where your custom UFW rules are located.
To let web traffic through on port 80 using TCP, type this in your terminal: sudo ufw allow 80/tcp. For streaming or gaming traffic on the same port with UDP, use: sudo ufw allow 80/udp. These steps will set up your firewall to let in both types of traffic. Just so you know, TCP is mostly for browsing websites, and UDP is for live streams or online games.
To let web traffic through on port 80 and 443 using TCP, type this in your terminal: sudo ufw allow 80,443/tcp. For streaming or gaming traffic on the same port with UDP, use: sudo ufw allow 80,443/udp. These steps will set up your firewall to let in both types of traffic. Just so you know, TCP is mostly for browsing websites, and UDP is for live streams or online games.
To let web traffic through on port 1119 to 1120 using TCP, type this in your terminal: sudo ufw allow 1119:1120/tcp. For streaming or gaming traffic on the same port with UDP, use: sudo ufw allow 1119:1120/udp. These steps will set up your firewall to let in both types of traffic. Just so you know, TCP is mostly for browsing websites, and UDP is for live streams or online games.
To let web traffic through on port 80 and 443 and 1119 to 1120 using TCP, type this in your terminal: sudo ufw allow 80,443,1119:1120/tcp. For streaming or gaming traffic on the same port with UDP, use: sudo ufw allow 80,443,1119:1120/udp. These steps will set up your firewall to let in both types of traffic. Just so you know, TCP is mostly for browsing websites, and UDP is for live streams or online games.
sudo ufw status numbered
sudo ufw delete 33
sudo ufw status numbered
GUFW (Firewall Configuration)
Visit the official GUFW website at https://costales.github.io/projects/gufw/ for all things GUFW.
To install GUFW from the App Center using a DEB package:
For terminal installation with APT:
Setting up a single port rule in GUFW is straightforward. Here’s how to do it:
That’s it! Your firewall is now tailored to your needs with the new port rule.
By following this approach, you’ll efficiently set up firewall rules for multiple ports in GUFW, simplifying network traffic management for your system.
Remember, this method grants you the power to wield port ranges within GUFW like a seasoned sorcerer—precise control over your network traffic permissions. 🌐🔒
This streamlined method efficiently implements firewall rules directly from GUFW reports, enhancing your network security settings.
Remember to double-check that you’ve chosen the correct rule before deletion, as GUFW doesn’t prompt for confirmation. Stay vigilant! 🔍🔒
ClamAV
Visit the official ClamAV website at https://www.clamav.net/ for all things ClamAV.
For terminal installation with APT:
To set up clamd, here’s what you need to do:
That’s it! Your clamd should now be configured and running securely.
To keep your computer safe with ClamAV, you’ll want to update it and scan regularly. Here’s how to set it up simply:
Remember to save your work with CTRL + S and exit with CTRL + X.
ClamTk
Visit the official ClamTk website at https://github.com/dave-theunsub/clamtk for all things ClamTk.
To install GUFW from the App Center using a DEB/FLATPAK package:
For terminal installation with APT:
For terminal installation with FLATPAK:
Chkrootkit
Visit the official chkrootkit website at https://www.chkrootkit.org/ for all things chkrootkit.
For terminal installation with APT:
2 22 * * * /usr/sbin/chkrootkit -x -q -r / >> /var/log/chkrootkit.log 2>&1
Rkhunter
Visit the official Rkhunter website at https://sourceforge.net/projects/rkhunter/ for all things Rkhunter.
For terminal installation with APT:
2 21 * * * /usr/local/bin/rkhunter --cronjob --update --quiet --remove
Firejail
Visit the official Firejail website at https://firejail.wordpress.com/ for all things Firejail.
For terminal installation with APT:
Firetools
Visit the official Firetools website at https://github.com/netblue30/firetools for all things Firetools.
To install GUFW from the App Center using a DEB/FLATPAK package:
For terminal installation with APT:
OSSEC
Visit the official OSSEC website at https://www.ossec.net/ for all things OSSEC.
For terminal installation with APT & NVM:
To set up OSSEC, follow these steps003A
sudo apt-get install make gcc libc6-dev libssl-dev zlib1g-dev libpcre2-dev libevent-dev build-essential zlib1g-dev libpcre2-dev libsqlite3-dev libssl-dev libevent-dev libsystemd-dev curl wget git libxslt-dev python3-dev python3-babel python3-venv python3-pip
wget https://github.com/ossec/ossec-hids/archive/refs/tags/3.7.0.tar.gz
During installation, you’ll answer prompts:
Press Enter to finish. This will install OSSEC smoothly on your machine.
[Unit]
Description=OSSEC service
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=simple
ExecStart=/var/ossec/bin/ossec-control start
ExecStop=/var/ossec/bin/ossec-control stop
TimeoutStartSec=0
Restart=on-failure
StartLimitInterval=0
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
That’s it! Your OSSEC service should be up and running.
DNS Over TLS
To set up DNS Over TLS, start by updating your system with sudo apt update, then install systemd-resolved using sudo apt install systemd-resolved. Open the configuration file with sudo gedit /etc/systemd/resolved.conf.
Make these changes:
Save your edits by clicking “Save” or using the “File” menu. Close the editor when done.
Refresh the system settings with sudo systemctl daemon-reload, restart the DNS service using sudo systemctl restart systemd-resolved, and then the network manager with sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.
To confirm your DNS settings are working, check https://dnscheck.tools/#results.
Google DNS is at http://developers.google.com/speed/public-dns. Its main addresses are 8.8.8.8 and 8.8.4.4. For newer networks, use 2001:4860:4860::8888 and 2001:4860:4860::8844.
Cloudflare DNS is found at http://cloudflare.com/learning/dns/what-is-1.1.1.1. It uses 1.1.1.1 and 1.0.0.1, or 2606:4700:4700::1111 and 2606:4700:4700::1001 for IPv6.
Quad9 DNS is available at http://quad9.net/service/service-addresses-and-features. Its addresses include 9.9.9.11 and 149.112.112.11, plus 2620:fe::11 and 2620:fe::fe:11 for IPv6.
Control D DNS can be accessed at http://controld.com/free-dns. Use 76.76.2.0 and 76.76.10.0, or 2606:1a40:: and 2606:1a40:1:: for IPv6.
Ultimate Hosts Blacklist DNS is at http://github.com/Ultimate-Hosts-Blacklist/Ultimate.Hosts.Blacklist#dns-server. It offers 88.198.70.38 and 88.198.70.39, with IPv6 options 2a01:4f8:140:5021::38 and 2a01:4f8:140:5021::39.
DNS.WATCH DNS is found at http://dns.watch. Its IPv4 addresses are 84.200.69.80 and 84.200.70.40, and for IPv6, use 2001:1608:10:25::1c04:b12f and 2001:1608:10:25::9249:d69b.
Hosts
That’s it! Your hosts file should now be updated. Remember, it’s important to back up the old file before making changes, just in case you need to revert to it later.
Hosts.deny
That’s it! Your hosts.deny file should now be updated. Remember, it’s important to back up the old file before making changes, just in case you need to revert to it later.
Hosts.deny
That’s it! Your superhosts.deny file should now be updated. Remember, it’s important to back up the old file before making changes, just in case you need to revert to it later.
Air Gapping
Air gapping means separating a computer from the internet to block hackers. Even so, clever attacks can still sneak through using sound, heat, and radio waves. For example, malware can use USBs to steal data, showing no system is totally safe.
To air gap a device, you disconnect it from all networks. It’s like making it invisible to hackers, protecting your important data.
Even if a computer isn’t online, it can still track when you plug in USBs or keyboards. Removing these can help keep your information safe.
Sometimes, to really secure a computer, you might need to take out parts that connect it to the internet. It’s tricky and can be costly, but you can also find old laptops online that already don’t connect, which is a cheaper option.
For data you really want to keep safe, you can store it on old tapes. It’s a cool way to use old tech to protect against modern threats.
There’s also special paint that blocks radio waves. It’s pricey, but you can buy it online and it helps keep your devices private.
Wrapping your computer in a special fabric can also protect it from radio waves. It’s a good idea to paint it first, then add the fabric.
Using speakers with a 3.5mm jack instead of USB can help keep your audio secure. And choosing wired USB keyboards and mice over wireless ones is safer too.
Believe it or not, carrier pigeons can be used for private messages. They’re old-school but can’t be hacked.
Learning ancient languages is another way to keep secrets. Not many people understand them, so your messages stay private.
When you compile software yourself, you can make it just right for your computer. It’s a bit of work, but it means your system runs smoothly without extra stuff you don’t need.
Even something simple like covering your webcam with tape can help protect your privacy. It’s an easy and cheap fix.
So, air gapping is all about keeping your computer and data safe from hackers in different ways, from simple tape to learning old languages. It’s about finding the right balance for your security needs.
Unplugging Wired & Wireless Network Connections
Unplugging your computer from all networks, like Wi-Fi 6E, Ethernet, and Fiber Optic, cuts off hackers. It’s a key step for safety. For extra security, buy fake network and USB covers. They block open ports, keep out dust, and help your computer last longer. Plus, they deter tampering. You can shop for these on Amazon at:
https://www.amazon.co.uk/s?k=dummy+network+plugs
https://www.amazon.co.uk/s?k=dummy+usb+plugs
Always check your computer’s ports. It’s a simple but crucial habit to stop sneaky, harmful hook-ups.
Removing Unnecessary USB & PS/2 Devices
Keep only what you need, like your keyboard and mouse. Be careful with USB hubs; they can break your computer’s ports and are costly. Once you unplug what’s not needed, use dummy plugs for USB and PS/2 ports to keep out dust. You can find these on Amazon at:
https://www.amazon.co.uk/s?k=usb+dust+cap
https://www.amazon.co.uk/s?k=ps%2F2+port+dust+cap
They add security and make your computer parts last longer. Remember to check your ports often to make sure nothing harmful gets plugged in.
Get A Technical Professional To Help Remove Internal Network Adapters
If you want to disconnect a computer from the internet, hiring a tech expert is a good move. They can safely remove or turn off the parts that connect to the internet without harming the computer. But, it might cost a bit more because it’s a specialized job. A cheaper way is to buy a second-hand laptop from eBay that doesn’t connect to the internet anymore. This is a smart way to get a computer that’s already offline. Check out eBay for options at:
Analog Media
Storing data on tapes like VHS or cassettes is a practical choice. They can keep data safe for 5 to 10 years, sometimes even longer. The key is how you store them and how much you use them. People on YouTube have shown how you can use these tapes to save photos, videos, and even games. You can find these tapes on eBay at:
For those who need something more current, LTO tape drives are a good option. They are used more often and you can buy them on Amazon at:
https://www.amazon.co.uk/s?k=tape+drive
Both old-school tapes and LTO drives offer ways to save your data that mix the old with the new.
Anti EMF Paint
If you’re worried about privacy, Anti EMF Paint can help. It shields your computer from radio waves. Experts say three coats, with a primer, block about 60 decibels of EMF. You can find studies on this at EMF Academy’s website at:
https://emfacademy.com/emf-paint/
Remember the “Father Of The Bride” from “Last Of The Summer Wine”? Seymour’s remote electronic meddling? That’s not just TV stuff. Strong antennas might mess with your computer.
Cost-wise, painting your computer case with Anti EMF Paint isn’t cheap. It’s about $300 for just the paint. Doing it yourself saves money, but for a top-notch job, get a pro. They know how to handle this special paint.
Looking to buy? Check online shops like Amazon or eBay. They’ve got lots of choices. Amazon is easy for shopping and delivery.
To sum up, Anti EMF Paint is pricey, but for the privacy it gives, it’s worth thinking about.
EMF Shielding Fabric
EMF Shielding Fabric is a practical choice for safeguarding your computer. It’s designed to block out harmful radio waves. Here’s a simple plan: first, apply three layers of Anti EMF Paint as a base. Then, have a skilled tailor precisely cut the EMF Shielding Fabric to size. You can attach it with strong adhesive or choose self-sticking options.
A great advantage of this fabric is its cost-effectiveness. Compared to Anti EMF Paint, a good-quality EMF Shielding Fabric starts at around $50 on retail sites, making it an economical option for protection.
Further information is available at:
3.5 MM Speakers
PC speakers with a 3.5mm jack are safer than USB ones because they only send sound, not data. This lowers the chance of data leaks. For more safety, choose speakers with a removable power cable that you can swap for one with better shielding against interference and spying. You can find good 3.5mm PC speakers online at:
https://www.amazon.co.uk/s?k=mains+powered+pc+speakers+3.5mm+jack
While powering speakers with just a 3.5mm cable is possible, it may affect sound quality. If saving power matters to you, it’s an option. Otherwise, for clear sound without using too much power, consider the earphones I often use, which are available at:
USB Keyboard & Mouse
I like USB keyboards and mice better than PS/2 ones because they’re more reliable. PS/2 can have issues on old computers. Wireless ones, like Bluetooth or 2.4Ghz, can be hacked, so they’re not as safe. Projection keyboards are cool but cost a lot. I use the steelseries APEX 3 TKL keyboard because it’s tough and doesn’t miss keys when I type fast. I also use the steelseries Rival 3 mouse because it’s solid and the scroll wheel is quiet. You can find them on Amazon at:
https://www.amazon.co.uk/s?k=steelseries+keyboard+and+mouse
They’re good if you want stuff that’s safe and works well.
Carrier Pigeons
Carrier pigeons offer a private way to send messages. They’re out of reach from digital snooping, making them a secure choice. These birds cost between $300 to $1,000, depending on their breed and training. You can buy them from:
In the USA, if owning a pigeon is too costly, try PigeonGram. It’s a service where pigeons carry your message to a loft, and then it’s mailed to its final destination with USPS tracking.
Find out more at http://www.pigeongram.com.
This service combines old-school charm with modern reliability for safe messaging.
Learning Ancient Languages
Studying ancient languages such as Sumerian, Luwian, and Old Chinese is a way to privately connect with history and culture. It’s rare to find someone fluent in these languages today, which adds to their charm. For those interested, there are plenty of resources online. For example, you can find books and materials on Amazon with prices from $20 to $200. Learning these languages helps keep them alive and brings a rich cultural experience. Here are the links to get started:
For Sumerian language resources:
http://www.amazon.co.uk/s?k=sumerian+language
For Luwian language resources:
http://www.amazon.co.uk/s?k=luwian+language
For Old Chinese language resources:
Manual Compiling
Building software yourself is important but takes a lot of time, especially for computers without internet. You have to look closely at the code and pick the right settings to work well with your system. You can make it fit what you need, like setting up your computer’s look without extra parts you don’t use, and turning off annoying update messages.
Sometimes, programs have cool features that aren’t usually turned on. Take Chromium, for example; you can switch on options to make it use your computer’s graphics card more. This can make your computer quieter and run smoother. When you compile software yourself, you can make it just right for what you need, which can make your computer faster and nicer to use.
Duct Tape For Covering The Webcam & Microphone
For privacy, stick duct tape over your webcam and microphone. It’s a low-cost solution, with prices starting around £5. Tech experts, including Mark Zuckerberg, recommend this method. It’s an effective and universal fix. Additionally, consider upgrading to high-quality external webcams and microphones for better sound and picture.
Purchase duct tape at
http://www.amazon.co.uk/s?k=thick+duct+tape
For superior webcams and microphones, go to:
Virtual Private Networks
VPNs connect your devices to the internet securely. They let you use private networks from far away and join different networks, like offices in different places. VPNs make things safer, save money, and let people work from anywhere. They work by making a protected virtual link. This helps both people and businesses with different needs, like connecting computers or whole networks.
Proton VPN is from Switzerland and keeps your internet use safe and private on many devices. It doesn’t track what you do online. It has free and paid options, fast and safe connections, and lets you see blocked content from anywhere. It’s easy to use, supports up to 10 devices, works with Tor, and has extra security features. Proton VPN comes from the same people who made Proton Mail, and they want to make the internet safer for everyone.
NordVPN is a full security service that keeps you safe online every day. It’s more than just a VPN. It has tools to block malware and ads, lets you make private networks, warns you if your account is in danger, and gives you a steady online identity. It has strong security features like encryption, a kill switch, split tunneling, extra encryption, and SmartDNS for streaming. NordVPN values your privacy, has fast connections all over the world, supports many devices, and is easy to use. It has browser extensions and is there to help you anytime.
Private Internet Access (PIA) has been a trusted VPN since 2010. It’s known for having lots of servers and not keeping logs of what you do. Kape Technologies owns it. PIA works on many platforms and lets you connect as many devices as you want. It’s great for privacy, has good features for downloading, a tool for scripting, and has been checked for security.
Proton VPN
Visit the official Proton VPN website at https://protonvpn.com/ for all things Proton VPN.
To install Proton VPN using the DEB file, follow these steps:
http://protonvpn.com/support/official-ubuntu-vpn-setup/
NordVPN
Visit the official NordVPN website at https://nordvpn.com/ for all things NordVPN.
To install NordVPN on your system, follow these straightforward steps:
http://repo.nordvpn.com/deb/nordvpn/debian/pool/main/
That’s it! You’ve successfully installed NordVPN.
Private Internet Access
Visit the official Private Internet Access website at https://www.privateinternetaccess.com/for all things Private Internet Access.
To install Private Internet Access on Linux, follow these steps:
http://www.privateinternetaccess.com/download/linux-vpn
That’s it! Just follow these steps, and you’ll have Private Internet Access set up on your Linux system.
Drivers
Drivers are the go-betweens for your computer and hardware like printers. They’re split into two kinds: basic and device-specific. You need to install them yourself. They make sure everything works together well, from surfing the web to watching videos. If they’re old or wrong, your computer might not work right. You get new ones from the maker’s website to keep things running smoothly and safely. Without drivers, your computer won’t work with its hardware, which can cause big problems. Signed drivers are safer because they’re checked for being genuine. It’s important to update drivers so your computer can work well with Windows.
NVIDIA drivers connect your computer to its graphics card. They’re key for playing the latest games well. You get them from NVIDIA or your computer’s maker. They help make games look better and run smoother.
AMD drivers let your computer talk to its AMD parts, like the graphics card. They’re needed for games and apps to work best. You can get the newest ones from AMD’s website. They can update on their own and help your computer run better and more safely.
Radeontop is a tool for checking how much your AMD graphics card is being used. It shows you live data on how the card is doing. It works best with open drivers but can also work with AMD Catalyst. You need special access to use it, which helps you see how well things like games are running.
Printer drivers let your computer talk to your printer. They change digital info into something the printer can understand. This means your documents print out just how you want them. Printer drivers know what your printer can do and make it easy to print from any program. They work with different systems and can do extra things like stapling. Drivers for brands like Brother and HP make sure your printer works with your computer and give you more options for printing.
NVIDIA
Visit the official NVIDIA website at https://www.nvidia.com/ for all things NVIDIA.
Installing NVIDIA Drivers Through Software & Updates
To set up the NVIDIA driver, simply open ‘Software & Updates’ from your apps. Click on ‘Additional Drivers’, choose the latest NVIDIA driver (currently version 550), and hit ‘Apply Changes’. Finish by restarting your computer. That’s it!
Installing NVIDIA Drivers:
sudo apt update
sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
sudo apt update
sudo apt install nvidia-driver-550 libvulkan1 libvulkan1:i386
Setting Up NVIDIA Developer Repository:
sudo apt update
sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
sudo apt update
curl -fSsL http://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ ubuntu2404/x86_64/3bf863cc.pub | sudo gpg --dearmor | sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/nvidia-drivers.gpg > /dev/null 2>&1
echo 'deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/nvidia-drivers.gpg] http://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ ubuntu2404/x86_64/ /' | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nvidia-drivers.list
sudo apt update
apt-cache search nvidia-driver
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d
dir
sudo nano nvidia-drivers.list
(Make sure it shows the correct repository line, then exit with CTRL + X.)
sudo apt update
sudo apt install nvidia-driver libvulkan1 libvulkan1:i386
Follow these steps, and you’ll have the NVIDIA driver and Vulkan support installed for top-notch performance with your applications and games.
AMD
Visit the official AMD website at https://www.amd.com/en.html for all things AMD.
The Latest stable Open Source AMD Drivers are included as standard with Ubuntu 24.04 LTS.
To set up the latest unstable graphics drivers:
To uninstall the drivers:
Remember, each command should be entered separately, and you’ll need to confirm some of them with your password.
To get Radeontop, head to its official site at http://github.com/clbr/radeontop. Want it via App Center? Just search for Radeontop there, pick your package format—deb, and click install.
For terminal lovers, it’s as easy as:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install radeontop
Setting up the amdgpu-fan.yml? Open a terminal and type:
sudo gedit /etc/amdgpu-fan.yml
Then, fill it with:
speed_matrix:
- [0, 0]
- [30, 15]
- [50, 30]
- [70, 70]
- [90, 100]
Save and close to finish.
For the amdgpu-fan service, open the terminal again and edit the service file with:
sudo gedit /etc/systemd/system/amdgpu-fan.service
Paste this in:
[Unit]
Description=Service for controlling AMDGPU fan
After=syslog.service
[Service]
Type=simple
User=root
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/amdgpu-fan
Restart=always
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
Save, close, and back in the terminal, run:
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable amdgpu-fan.service
sudo systemctl start amdgpu-fan.service
To check the service status, use:
sudo systemctl status amdgpu-fan.service
Printer Driver All
Visit the official Printer Driver All website at https://packages.ubuntu.com/noble/printer-driver-all for all things Printer Driver All.
Installing Printer Driver All via APT in the Terminal:
To update your system and install all available printer drivers, you can enter the following commands in the terminal:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install printer-driver-all
Office Suites
Office suites are vital for work, combining tools like text editors and spreadsheets. They boost efficiency. Microsoft Office was once only offline, but now there’s Google Docs online. People like Microsoft Office for Windows and Mac, and also free ones like LibreOffice and OpenOffice for different systems. Apple’s iWork is for Mac users, with text, data, and slide tools.
LibreOffice is free and works with many file types, including Microsoft’s. It started from OpenOffice in 2010 and works on Windows, macOS, and Linux. It’s in 115 languages and has mobile apps. It’s popular for teamwork and easy to use, especially on Linux. It has a strong community and over 200 million users worldwide.
Apache OpenOffice is free and has a text tool, data tool, and slide maker. It works with many file types. It came from OpenOffice.org and IBM’s Lotus Symphony. It’s for Linux, macOS, and Windows. It’s still important for work software, even though it’s hard to find people to help make it and keep it safe.
Calligra Suite is made by KDE and has many tools for computers, tablets, and phones. It has text, data, slides, drawing, and database tools. Calligra Words makes nice documents, and Sheets is good for data with formulas and charts. It also has KEXI for databases, Karbon for drawing, Plan for projects, and Stage for slides. Gemini makes it work well on devices that are both tablets and computers.
OnlyOffice, once called TeamLab, is free and has online tools for text, data, slides, forms, and PDFs. It works well with others and supports many file types like DOCX and XLSX. It’s good with Microsoft Office files. You can use it on the web or in your own network. It has lots of features for styling, data functions, slides, and editing PDFs and forms.
SoftMaker FreeOffice is always free and has text, data, and slide tools. It works with Windows, Mac, and Linux. It’s good for both work and personal use. You can change how it looks with ribbons or menus and it’s easy to use on touch screens. It’s great for making documents, doing math, and making slides. It shares files easily with Microsoft Office, so it’s a good free choice.
WPS Office has text, data, and slide tools. It’s a good choice for Linux and works with DOCX, XLSX, and PPTX. It has many features for writing, analyzing data, and making slides, including a PDF toolkit. There’s a free version and a paid one. It has lots of users and keeps getting better. It’s made by volunteers for Linux.
LibreOffice
Visit the official LibreOffice website at https://www.libreoffice.org/ for all things LibreOffice.
To install LibreOffice through the App Center using DEB/FLATPAK:
To set up LibreOffice with APT in the terminal:
To get LibreOffice from the Snap Store:
To install LibreOffice with Snap in the terminal:
For Flatpak installation in the terminal:
Apache OpenOffice
Visit the official Apache OpenOffice website at https://www.openoffice.org/download/index.html for all things Apache OpenOffice.
To install Apache OpenOffice using an AppImage, follow these steps:
For a shortcut:
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Apache OpenOffice
Comment=OpenOffice application
Exec=./Applications/OpenOffice.AppImage
Icon=terminal
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Utility;Game;
Save your changes and exit the editor.
Calligra Suite
Visit the official Calligra Suite website at https://calligra.org/ for all things Calligra Suite.
Want to install it via App Center? Here’s how:
Prefer using the Terminal? No problem:
That’s it! You’re all set to use Calligra Suite on your device.
OnlyOffice
Visit the official OnlyOffice website at https://www.onlyoffice.com/en/ for all things OnlyOffice.
Using the App Center:
Through the Snap Store:
Via Terminal with Snap:
Via Terminal with Flatpak:
Softmaker FreeOffice
Visit the official Softmaker FreeOffice website at https://www.freeoffice.com/en/ for all things Softmaker FreeOffice.
WPS Office
Visit the official WPS Office website at https://www.wps.com/ for all things WPS Office.
To install WPS Office using a .deb file, follow these straightforward steps:
Email Clients
Email clients help you manage your emails better. They work offline and can have calendars. They’re easy to use and safe.
Mozilla Thunderbird is free and helps you keep track of your calendar and contacts. It works on many devices and is made by MZLA Technologies. It’s safe to use and even the French military uses it.
Betterbird adds new things to Thunderbird, like better views and colors for accounts. It’s easy to try out and fixes some problems that Thunderbird doesn’t.
Geary is simple and fast. It’s free and works well with all the big email services. It keeps your emails in order and safe.
Mailspring is good for work and works on Mac, Linux, and Windows. It has many features like undo send and read receipts. It also lets you change the look and language of your emails.
These clients make emailing easier and more secure. They offer different features to fit your needs.
Thunderbird
Visit the official Thunderbird website at https://www.thunderbird.net/en-GB/ for all things Thunderbird.
Using the App Center:
Via APT in the Terminal:
Through the Snap Store:
Installing from the Terminal with Snap:
For Flatpak in the Terminal:
These methods will get Thunderbird up and running on your system. Choose the one that suits you best!
Betterbird
Visit the official Betterbird website at https://www.betterbird.eu/ for all things Betterbird.
To install Betterbird through the App Center:
For Terminal installation with Flatpak:
Mailspring
Visit the official Mailspring website at https://www.getmailspring.com/ for all things Mailspring.
To install Mailspring using App Center:
To get Mailspring from the Snap Store:
To install Mailspring via Snap in the Terminal:
To install Mailspring via Flatpak in the Terminal:
Image Editing Software
Image editing software lets you change digital pictures by cutting, fixing, and tweaking colors. It uses vector, raster, and 3D tools to improve or make images from scratch. Mainly for 2D work, it helps resize, filter, and convert formats.
GIMP is a no-cost photo editor that also does image composition. It has painting tools, layers, and can be customized with plugins. It works on many systems and handles lots of file types, perfect for both easy and complex edits.
Blender is a free tool for 3D design, animation, and video effects. It’s for pros and hobbyists, runs on Linux, macOS, and Windows, and has a full toolset for various media projects. Its community offers great support and learning resources.
Pinta is a free image editor like Paint.NET but more accessible and with more features. It’s easy to use, supports layers, and has a workspace that you can change to suit your style. It’s known for being simple but powerful.
Krita is a free art and animation editor for digital creators. It works on Linux, Windows, and macOS, and has a fast canvas, lots of brushes, and flexible layers. It’s great for artists who want control and variety in their work.
Inkscape is a free vector graphics editor that works on many systems. It’s great for making clear, scalable drawings like cartoons and logos. It uses SVG mainly and has lots of design tools for detailed work.
Darktable is a free photo app that’s all about non-destructive editing. It’s good at managing lots of images and makes editing easy with real-time changes and support for many formats. It has a user-friendly interface with different modes for editing and organizing.
Tux Paint is a free drawing app for kids 3 to 12. It’s fun and easy, works on many devices, and helps kids learn about computers and art. Teachers and parents can add new content to make it even better for learning.
Gnu Image Manipulation Program (GIMP)
Visit the official Gnu Image Manipulation Program (GIMP) website at https://www.gimp.org/ for all things Gnu Image Manipulation Program (GIMP).
To install GIMP using the App Center:
To install GIMP using APT in the terminal:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install gimp
To install GIMP from the Snap Store:
To install GIMP using Snap in the terminal:
To install GIMP with Flatpak in the terminal:
Blender
Visit the official Blender website at https://www.blender.org/ for all things Blender.
Using the App Center:
Using APT in the Terminal:
Using the Snap Store:
Using Snap from the Terminal:
Using Flatpak in the Terminal:
Pinta
Visit the official Pinta website at https://www.pinta-project.com/ for all things Pinta.
To install Pinta using the App Center:
To get Pinta from the Snap Store:
To install Pinta via Snap in the Terminal:
To install Pinta using Flatpak in the Terminal:
Krita
Visit the official Krita website at https://krita.org/en/ for all things Krita.
Using the App Center:
Using APT in the Terminal:
Using the Snap Store:
Using Snap from the Terminal:
Using Flatpak in the Terminal:
Inkscape
Visit the official Inkscape website at https://inkscape.org/ for all things Inkscape.
To install Inkscape using the App Center:
To get Inkscape via APT in the terminal:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install inkscape
For Inkscape from the Snap Store:
To install Inkscape with Snap in the terminal:
sudo snap install inkscape
For Inkscape via Flatpak in the terminal:
flatpak install flathub org.inkscape.Inkscape
Darktable
Visit the official Darktable website at https://www.darktable.org/ for all things Darktable.
Using the App Center:
Via APT in the Terminal:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install darktable
Through the Snap Store:
Installing from the Terminal with Snap:
sudo snap install darktable
Using Flatpak in the Terminal:
flatpak install flathub org.darktable.Darktable
Tuxpaint
Visit the official Tuxpaint website at https://tuxpaint.org/ for all things Tuxpaint.
For Terminal installation with Flatpak:
Audio Editing Software
Audio editing software lets you shape sound. You can import, export, and record audio, adjust timing, and change volume. It’s great for mixing tracks, adding effects, and switching file formats. Digital audio workstations are full packages for making music, easy to use, and allow for detailed sound editing, both live and pre-recorded.
Audacity is a free audio editor that works on many operating systems. It’s been downloaded over a billion times since 2015. It supports all the main audio formats and plugins like VST3. It’s known for its deep analysis tools that show you sound in new ways.
Ardour is a digital audio workstation that’s all about recording, editing, and perfecting sound. It works on Linux, macOS, and Windows. It gives you endless tracks and ways to connect them. You can move, cut, split, and stretch sounds with precision. Ardour is also great for finalizing music, working with JACK for more complex sound work, and it can even prepare audio for CDs.
Mixxx is a free DJ software that’s open to everyone. It can match beats and keys to blend tracks perfectly, handle up to four songs at once, and works with many DJ controllers. You can map it how you like and add effects for extra style. If you love the feel of vinyl, it has you covered with timecode records. Mixxx is made by DJs for DJs who want to mix music digitally for free.
Audacity
Visit the official Audacity website at https://www.audacityteam.org/ for all things Audacity.
App Center (DEB/SNAP/FLATPAK):
Terminal (APT):
Snap Store:
Terminal (Snap):
Terminal (Flatpak):
Ardour
Visit the official Ardour website at https://ardour.org/ for all things Ardour.
To install Ardour from the App Center:
To install Ardour using APT in the Terminal:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install ardour
To install Ardour using Flatpak in the Terminal:
flatpak install flathub org.ardour.Ardour
MIXXX
Visit the official MIXXX website at https://mixxx.org/ for all things MIXXX.
To get MIXXX using APT in the terminal:
To find MIXXX in the Snap Store:
To install MIXXX with Snap in the terminal:
To install MIXXX with Flatpak in the terminal:
Video Editing Software
Video editing software helps you change video clips, mix in music, and control the timing. It’s key for making movies, TV, ads, and online videos, and it works well on home computers. You can split videos, add music, and save your work as a video file. It’s great for anyone who wants to improve their video skills, from pros to beginners, and lets you try different styles.
OpenShot is a no-cost video editor available for Linux, macOS, Windows, and ChromeOS. Created in 2008 by Jonathan Thomas, it’s good for editing on different systems, works with many video formats, and lets you work on many layers for big projects. It has cool features like animation, easy clip handling, resizing, transitions, 3D titles, precise timeline control, speed adjustments, sound mixing, and effects like green screen.
Kdenlive, started in 2003, is also free and open for editing multiple video tracks. It works with many video types and lets you change the look and shortcuts of the program. It has a tool for making titles, lots of effects, and transitions. It’s efficient with proxy editing, saves your work automatically, and has online help and previews. You can animate effects and change the theme. It’s made by a small team and fits both simple and advanced editing needs.
Shotcut is another free editor that started in 2011 for FreeBSD, Linux, macOS, and Windows. It supports many video formats and has multi-track editing with fast, GPU-powered processing. Shotcut has filters for video and audio, can record from webcams and microphones, and plays network streams. It has pro tools like color correction, animation, motion tracking, and works with professional hardware for monitoring. It’s flexible, with batch processing and checks, good for both newbies and experts.
Pitivi is a user-friendly video editor for Linux that’s also free. It lets you work with as many video and audio tracks as you want, undo and redo changes, and has animatable effects. It supports different video formats and is designed to be easy to use, with stepping, cutting, and sound mixing. It’s made by the community and focuses on being easy and innovative in multimedia.
OpenShot
Visit the official OpenShot website at https://www.openshot.org/ for all things OpenShot.
App Center (DEB/SNAP/FLATPAK):
APT (Terminal):
Snap Store:
Snap (Terminal):
Flatpak (Terminal):
AppImage (GUI):
https://www.openshot.org/download/
Creating a Shortcut (Command Line & GUI):
[Desktop Entry]
Name=OpenShot
Comment=Edit videos with OpenShot
Exec=/home/yourusername/Applications/OpenShot-v3.1.1-x86_64.AppImage
Icon=application-default-icon
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Video;AudioVideoEditing;
Kdenlive
Visit the official Kdenlive website at https://kdenlive.org/en/ for all things Kdenlive.
To install Kdenlive via App Center:
To install Kdenlive using APT in Terminal:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install kdenlive
To get Kdenlive from the Snap Store:
To install Kdenlive using Snap in Terminal:
sudo snap install kdenlive
To install Kdenlive with Flatpak in Terminal:
flatpak install flathub org.kde.kdenlive
Shotcut
Visit the official Shotcut website at https://www.shotcut.org/ for all things Shotcut.
To install a package using the App Center:
To install using APT in the terminal:
To get a Snap package from the Snap Store:
To install Shotcut with Snap in the terminal:
To install Shotcut with Flatpak in the terminal:
Pitivi
Visit the official Pitivi website at https://www.pitivi.org/ for all things Pitivi.
To install Pitivi using the App Center:
For APT installation in the Terminal:
For Flatpak installation in the Terminal:
Integrated Development Environments (IDE’s)
IDEs are software suites that help developers code more efficiently. They combine editing, debugging, and building tools. Some, like IntelliJ IDEA, even have built-in compilers. They’re user-friendly and support many programming languages.
Visual Studio Code (VS Code) is a Microsoft editor that works on various operating systems. It’s customizable and supports many languages through extensions. It’s open-source and collects data transparently.
Atom-ng is a text editor that’s easy to customize and use. It works on many operating systems and has been updated for better performance and usability. VSCodium is like VS Code but without telemetry, respecting user privacy.
Atom, created by GitHub, was a flexible editor that could be customized with web technologies. Though no longer available, it was known for its adaptability.
Geany is a fast, open-source editor with basic IDE features. It supports many languages and works on several operating systems, though some features are limited on Windows.
Bluefish is a fast, lightweight editor for coding and web development. It supports many languages and runs on various platforms. It has many features for efficient coding and project management.
Visual Studio Code
Visit the official Visual Studio Code website at https://code.visualstudio.com/ for all things Visual Studio Code.
For App Center:
Via APT in Terminal:
wget -qO- http://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | gpg --dearmor > packages.microsoft.gpg
sudo install -D -o root -g root -m 644 packages.microsoft.gpg /etc/apt/keyrings/
sudo sh -c 'echo "deb [arch=amd64,arm64,armhf signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/packages.microsoft.gpg] http://packages.microsoft.com/repos/code stable main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/vscode.list'
For Snap Store:
Via Snap in Terminal:
Via Flatpak in Terminal:
Via .deb from GUI:
Atom-ng
Visit the official Atom-ng website at https://thorium.rocks/atom-ng/ for all things Atom-ng.
Press the Install button to start the installation.
VSCodium
Visit the official VSCodium website at https://vscodium.com/ for all things VSCodium.
Through App Center:
Using APT in Terminal:
wget -qO - http://gitlab.com/paulcarroty/vscodium-deb-rpm-repo/raw/master/pub.gpg | gpg --dearmor | sudo dd of=/usr/share/keyrings/vscodium-archive-keyring.gpg
echo 'deb [ signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/vscodium-archive-keyring.gpg ] http://download.vscodium.com/debs vscodium main' | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/vscodium.list
Through Snap Store:
Via Terminal with Snap:
Via Terminal with Flatpak:
Installing .deb from GUI:
Atom
Visit the official Atom website at https://atom-editor.cc/ for all things Atom.
To install Atom using App Center:
To install Atom via APT in the terminal:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install software-properties-common apt-transport-https wget
wget -q http://packagecloud.io/AtomEditor/atom/gpgkey -O- | sudo apt-key add –
sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] http://packagecloud.io/AtomEditor/atom/any/ any main"
sudo apt update
sudo apt install atom
To install Atom using Flatpak in the terminal:
flatpak install flathub io.atom.Atom
To install Atom via .deb from the GUI:
Geany
Visit the official Geany website at https://geany.org/ for all things Geany.
Using APT in the Terminal:
Through the Snap Store:
Installing via Snap from the Terminal:
Installing via Flatpak in the Terminal:
Bluefish
Visit the official Bluefish website at https://bluefish.openoffice.nl/index.html for all things Bluefish.
To install Bluefish through the App Center using DEB, SNAP, or FLATPAK:
To install Bluefish using APT in the Terminal:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install bluefish
To install Bluefish using Flatpak in the Terminal:
flatpak install flathub nl.openoffice.bluefish
Live Streaming Software
Live streaming software allows you to share live video and audio on the internet. It works by sending content from cameras and microphones over the web in real-time. This way, you don’t need to save files on your device, which saves space and lets you watch videos or listen to music instantly.
OBS Studio is a no-cost program for live streaming and recording your screen. It’s available for Windows and macOS users. With OBS, you can mix sounds, change scenes without a hitch, and personalize how your stream looks. It’s user-friendly and can be set up just how you like it, with features for both newbies and pros.
Owncast is like having your own private streaming service. It’s perfect for those who want to manage their streams and chat with viewers without using big-name platforms. Owncast is easy to set up on Linux and macOS servers and connects to the Fediverse to help you reach more people. It’s great for streamers who want a personal touch and no ads.
OBS Studio
Visit the official OBS Studio website at https://obsproject.com/ for all things OBS Studio.
App Center (DEB/FLATPAK):
Terminal (APT):
sudo apt update
sudo apt install obs-studio
Snap Store:
Terminal (Snap):
sudo snap install obs-studio
Terminal (Flatpak):
flatpak install flathub com.obsproject.Studio
Owncast
Visit the official Owncast website at https://owncast.online/ for all things Owncast.
Installing Owncast via .sh in the Terminal:
sudo apt update
curl -s https://owncast.online/install.sh | bash
Personal Data Privacy
Protecting our personal data is key to our rights and online trust. As we share more online, keeping this data safe from misuse is vital. Data protection laws help prevent fraud and protect our freedom.
Searx is a privacy-focused search engine that doesn’t store your IP or searches. It avoids trackers and offers secure, direct search results. You can even run it privately or use it with Tor.
OpenStego is a tool that hides data in images for free. It works on many platforms and encrypts data for added security.
Tor is software for anonymous web use, hiding your location and usage from anyone watching. It’s used for both good and bad, raising questions about privacy and safety.
i2pd is a program for private online communication. It’s faster than similar tools and keeps your IP address hidden.
Hyphanet lets you share files, browse, and chat anonymously. It’s hard to attack because it’s decentralized and encrypts everything.
ZeroNet uses peer-to-peer tech for websites that can’t be censored. It’s built with Bitcoin and BitTorrent tech and stays online without central servers.
These tools are all about keeping your online life private and secure.
Searx
Visit the official Searx website at https://github.com/searx/searx for all things Searx.
Update Packages:
sudo apt update
Install Dependencies:
sudo apt install git rsync make gcc libc6-dev libssl-dev zlib1g-dev libpcre2-dev libevent-dev build-essential libsqlite3-dev curl wget libxslt-dev python3-dev python3-babel python3-venv python3-pip
Set Up Node.js:
nvm install 16
nvm use 16
Prepare Searx:
cd ~
git clone https://github.com/searx/searx.git
cd searx
python3 -m venv venv
source venv/bin/activate
Modify requirements.txt with gedit requirements.txt: Change (or add if absent) any werkzeug entry to werkzeug==2.2.2.
Install Python Packages:
pip install -r requirements.txt
Configure Settings:
cp searx/settings.yml searx/settings_custom.yml
gedit searx/settings.yml
Customize settings.yml, including the secret key.
Enable Advanced Search:
gedit searx/preferences.py
Change advanced_search from False to True.
Start Searx: Replace username with your actual username.
sh -c '/home/username/searx/venv/bin/python /home/username/searx/searx/webapp.py'
Create Desktop Shortcut: Navigate to the applications directory and create a new file.
cd /usr/share/applications
sudo gedit searx1.desktop
Fill in the searx1.desktop file with the appropriate details, replacing username with your actual username.
Desktop Entry Example:
[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Name=Searx
Exec=sh -c '/home/username/searx/venv/bin/python /home/username/searx/searx/webapp.py'
Icon=terminal
Terminal=false
Categories=Network;WebBrowser;
Save the file and exit the editor.
OpenStego
Visit the official OpenStego website at https://www.openstego.com/ for all things OpenStego.
Tor Browser Launcher
Visit the official Tor Browser Launcher website at https://www.torproject.org/ for all things Tor Browser Launcher.
Using the App Center:
Using APT in the Terminal:
Using Flatpak in the Terminal:
I2pd
Visit the official I2pd website at https://i2pd.website/ for all things I2pd.
Through App Center:
Using APT in Terminal:
Through Snap Store:
Using Snap from Terminal:
Using Flatpak in Terminal:
Hyphanet
Visit the official Hyphanet website at https://www.hyphanet.org/ for all things Hyphanet.
To set up Hyphanet on your Linux system, start by updating your package list with sudo apt update. Then, get Hyphanet from http://www.hyphanet.org/pages/download.html by clicking the download link for Linux.
Next, open a terminal and install the required software like Java and GTK modules using:
sudo apt install default-jre default-jdk libcanberra-gtk-module libcanberra-gtk3-module libcanberra-gtk-module:i386 libcanberra-gtk* xapp* gtk2-engines-murrine
After that, go to your Downloads folder with cd ~/Downloads. Run the Hyphanet installer with Java by typing java -jar new_installer_offline_1497.jar.
Follow the on-screen instructions to select your language, agree to the terms, and choose where to install Hyphanet. Make sure to tick the ‘Base’ option to install the essential components.
Finally, decide if you want shortcuts in your Start Menu or on your desktop, and for whom these settings should apply. Finish the setup by clicking ‘Next’ and then ‘Done’. That’s it, Hyphanet is now installed on your computer.
ZeroNet
Visit the official ZeroNet website at https://zeronet.io/ for all things ZeroNet.
sudo apt update
wget http://github.com/HelloZeroNet/ZeroNet-linux/archive/dist-linux64/ZeroNet-py3-linux64.tar.gz
tar xvpfz ZeroNet-py3-linux64.tar.gz
cd ZeroNet-linux-dist-linux64/
./ZeroNet.sh
For a desktop shortcut to ZeroNet:
cd /usr/share/applications
sudo gedit zeronet1.desktop
[Desktop Entry]
Name=ZeroNet
Comment=Access decentralized websites
Exec=/path/to/Downloads/ZeroNet-linux-dist-linux64/ZeroNet.sh
Icon=terminal
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Utility;Game;
Replace /path/to/ with the actual path to ZeroNet on your computer.
Save the file:
Remember to replace /path/to/ with the actual directory where you’ve installed ZeroNet
Web Browsers
Web browsers are tools for visiting websites, displaying content from the internet or saved files. They work on computers and phones, with popular ones like Chrome and Safari connecting to servers via URLs, ensuring secure page visits with HTTPS. Unlike search engines, browsers show web pages, remember cookies for personalization, and use cached data for faster loading, with privacy settings to manage cookies for safer use.
Chromium, by Google, is an open-source project for a secure, quick internet. It lacks some Chrome features, like auto-updates, but underpins many browsers, focusing on safety with a multi-process design and tech industry input.
Ungoogled-Chromium tweaks Chromium to cut ties with Google services, keeping the core experience but boosting privacy and control, needing manual setup. It turns off Google features and blocks its requests, borrowing from other projects for more privacy.
Google Chrome, launched in 2008, is a widely-used browser from Google, built on software from Apple’s WebKit and Mozilla’s Firefox. It runs on various systems, has a simple design, and leads the market. Chrome supports web standards and offers features like an all-in-one search box, easy tabs, and a store for add-ons and themes. It updates regularly, adopting Google’s latest design language.
Microsoft Edge, from Microsoft, switched from its original engine to Chromium in 2020, improving compatibility and speed on various devices. It dropped outdated tech for a modern extension system and includes PDF reading, WebAssembly, and a mode for Internet Explorer compatibility. Integrated with Microsoft services, Edge has voice control, search, and a Reading Mode. It supports add-ons, offering a tailored browsing experience. A 2023 update gave Edge a new design and added Bing Chat.
Thorium Browser is a Chromium-based browser optimized for newer CPUs, including Widevine, all codecs, and privacy enhancements. It’s like Chrome but faster and privacy-focused, requiring specific CPU features, targeting advanced users.
Vivaldi, made by Vivaldi Technologies, is a browser with an email client, aimed at tech lovers and former Opera users. It allows deep customization, has ad and tracker blockers, email support, and unique tab management. It uses Chromium, supports Chrome and Firefox add-ons, and stands out for user control and privacy.
Brave is a privacy-centric, open-source browser that blocks ads and trackers. It rewards users for viewing ads with tokens. Based in San Francisco, Brave had a large user base by late 2023. It includes a VPN, crypto wallet, and its search engine. Despite a VPN issue, Brave focuses on user privacy and supports decentralized web protocols.
Firefox, by Mozilla, is known for speed, privacy, and flexibility. It supports various platforms, using WebKit on iOS and Gecko elsewhere. It offers tabbed browsing, spell checking, private mode, and developer tools. Add-ons boost its features, and it’s committed to user privacy and web standards.
Firefox ESR caters to organizations needing stable web use without frequent updates. It prioritizes security and stability, perfect for businesses and schools, allowing controlled deployment and data privacy.
Waterfox is a Firefox fork emphasizing ethics, privacy, and performance. It supports add-ons and extensions, prioritizes user privacy by disabling data collection, and offers a secure, private, and fast browsing experience.
LibreWolf, a Firefox variant, focuses on privacy, security, and freedom. It blocks tracking and fingerprinting, doesn’t collect data, and includes privacy-centric search options and ad-blocking. It’s community-driven, valuing digital privacy and freedom.
Pale Moon is built for modern processors, balancing efficiency, customization, and privacy. It uses its Goanna engine, supports plugins and extensions, and is updated regularly for security.
Mullvad Browser, in partnership with the Tor Project, goes beyond hiding your IP for privacy. It defaults to private mode, fights fingerprinting, and includes privacy tools. It’s designed for privacy without using the Tor network.
Basilisk is a Goanna-based browser with a Firefox-like interface. It supports modern web standards and offers a stable, familiar browsing experience without relying on the latest tech trends.
Chromium
Visit the official Chromium website at https://www.chromium.org/chromium-projects/ for all things Chromium.
Using App Center:
Using Terminal with APT:
Using Snap Store:
Using Terminal with Snap:
Using Terminal with Flatpak:
Ungoogled-Chromium
Visit the official Ungoogled-Chromium website at https://github.com/ungoogled-software/ungoogled-chromium for all things Ungoogled-Chromium.
To install Ungoogled-Chromium through the App Center:
For terminal installation using Flatpak:
Google Chrome
Visit the official Google Chrome website at https://www.google.com/intl/en_uk/chrome/ for all things Google Chrome.
sudo apt update
wget -q -O - http://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | sudo apt-key add -
sudo sh -c 'echo "deb [arch=amd64] http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google.list'
sudo apt update
sudo apt install google-chrome-stable
To install Google Chrome using the graphical user interface (GUI):
Microsoft Edge
Visit the official Microsoft Edge website at https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/edge for all things Microsoft Edge.
To install Microsoft Edge using the terminal, follow these steps:
For GUI installation:
Thorium
Visit the official Thorium website at https://thorium.rocks/ for all things Thorium.
To install Thorium using the .deb file, follow these steps:
Vivaldi
Visit the official Vivaldi website at https://vivaldi.com/ for all things Vivaldi.
sudo apt update
wget http://repo.vivaldi.com/stable/linux_signing_key.pub
gpg --import linux_signing_key.pub
sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://repo.vivaldi.com/stable/deb/ stable main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/vivaldi.list'
sudo apt update
sudo apt install vivaldi-stable
To install Vivaldi using the GUI, here’s what you need to do:
http://vivaldi.com/download/?platform=linux
Brave
Visit the official Brave website at https://brave.com/ for all things Brave.
For App Center (DEB/SNAP/FLATPAK):
To install via APT in Terminal:
sudo curl -fsSLo /usr/share/keyrings/brave-browser-archive-keyring.gpg https://brave-browser-apt-release.s3.brave.com/brave-browser-archive-keyring.gpg
echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/brave-browser-archive-keyring.gpg] https://brave-browser-apt-release.s3.brave.com/ stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/brave-browser-release.list
For Snap Store:
To install via Snap in Terminal:
To install via Flatpak in Terminal:
Firefox
Visit the official Firefox website at https://www.mozilla.org/en-GB/firefox/new/ for all things Firefox.
To install Firefox through the App Center using DEB, SNAP, or FLATPAK:
To install Firefox via APT in the terminal:
wget -q https://packages.mozilla.org/apt/repo-signing-key.gpg -O- | sudo tee /etc/apt/keyrings/packages.mozilla.org.asc > /dev/null
echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/packages.mozilla.org.asc] https://packages.mozilla.org/apt mozilla main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mozilla.list > /dev/null
Install Firefox: sudo apt install firefox.
For a SNAP package via Snap Store:
To install Firefox via SNAP from the terminal:
To install Firefox via Flatpak in the terminal:
Firefox ESR
Visit the official Firefox ESR website at https://www.mozilla.org/en-GB/firefox/enterprise/ for all things Firefox ESR.
For the desktop shortcut:
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Firefox ESR
Comment=Browse the Web
Exec=./Downloads/firefox/firefox
Icon=firefox
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Internet;
Make sure to replace /home/your_username/Downloads/firefox/firefox with the actual path to your Firefox ESR executable.
Waterfox
Visit the official Waterfox website at https://www.waterfox.net/ for all things Waterfox.
For Flatpak installation in Terminal:
To install from a .tar.xz file:
Creating a Waterfox shortcut:
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Waterfox
Comment=Browse the Web
Exec=./Downloads/waterfox/waterfox
Icon=/path/to/icon
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Internet;
Make sure the “Exec=” line points to where Waterfox is on your computer.
LibreWolf
Visit the official LibreWolf website at https://librewolf.net for all things LibreWolf.
To install LibreWolf from the App Center:
To install LibreWolf using the APT repository:
sudo apt install -y wget gnupg lsb-release apt-transport-https ca-certificates
distro=$(lsb_release -sc)
(If your distro isn’t listed, use “focal” instead.)
wget -O- https://deb.librewolf.net/keyring.gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/librewolf.gpg
echo "Types: deb\nURIs: https://deb.librewolf.net\nSuites: $distro\nComponents: main\nArchitectures: amd64\nSigned-By: /usr/share/keyrings/librewolf.gpg" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/librewolf.sources
To install LibreWolf using Flatpak:
flatpak install flathub io.gitlab.librewolf-community
Pale Moon
Visit the official Pale Moon website at https://www.palemoon.org/ for all things Pale Moon.
For creating a Pale Moon desktop shortcut:
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Pale Moon
Comment=Browse the web with Pale Moon
Exec=./home/your-username/Downloads/palemoon/palemoon
Icon=palemoon
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Internet;
Replace /home/your-username/Downloads/palemoon/palemoon with the actual path to your Pale Moon executable.
Mullvad Browser
Visit the official Mullvad Browser website at https://mullvad.net/en/browser for all things Mullvad Browser.
For a desktop shortcut:
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Mullvad Browser
Comment=Browse securely
Exec=.//home/yourusername/Downloads/mullvad-browser/Browser/mullvadbrowser.real
Icon=terminal
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Utility;Game;
Make sure the ‘Exec=’ line points to where you extracted the browser. Replace ‘yourusername’ with your actual username.
Basilisk
Visit the official Basilisk website at https://www.basilisk-browser.org/ for all things Basilisk.
For creating a Basilisk desktop shortcut:
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Basilisk
Comment=Web Browser
Exec=.//home/your-username/Downloads/basilisk/basilisk
Icon=web-browser
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Internet;
Replace /home/your-username/Downloads/basilisk/basilisk with the actual path to your Basilisk executable.
Make sure the ‘Exec=’ line points to where Basilisk is on your computer. This will ensure the shortcut works correctly.
Password Managers
Password managers are handy apps that keep all your login info in one spot. They make life easier and safer by creating tough passwords and fighting identity theft. They’re great for both personal and work use, and paying a bit extra gets you the best security and features.
LastPass, by GoTo, is a full-featured password manager. It works on the web, with browser add-ons, and on phones, syncing your passwords everywhere. It uses strong encryption and offers extras like auto-filling forms and saving secure notes. It also has two-factor authentication for even better security, and it works on all major browsers and phones. You can even access your passwords offline and set a hint for emergencies.
Bitwarden is an open-source password manager that’s easy to use and very secure. It has apps for computers, browsers, phones, and even a command-line tool. Your data is always safe and ready when you need it. It has two-factor authentication, passwordless login, and secure sharing for everyone, from single users to big companies. It values your privacy with strong encryption and lets you choose between cloud or self-hosting. It also keeps notes, cards, and more, so you’re fully protected online.
KeePassXC is a free, open-source password manager that works on Windows, macOS, Linux, and BSD. It’s compatible with KeePass 2.x databases and adds more security with key files and YubiKey. The EFF likes it for its privacy. It doesn’t rely on the cloud and works across different platforms. You control your data. Its browser add-ons make it easy to use by filling in your passwords for you.
Buttercup is a free, open-source password manager with strong encryption to keep your login details safe. It’s simple to use and helps you find your passwords quickly. It’s available for all major desktop and mobile platforms and integrates well across devices. It has features like auto-lock, customizable entries, and a trash bin for easy password management. It also has a Chrome extension for added convenience.
LastPass
Visit the official LastPass website at https://www.lastpass.com/ for all things LastPass.
Make sure you’re in the ‘Downloads’ folder when you open the terminal. This will set up LastPass so you can manage your passwords securely.
Bitwarden
Visit the official Bitwarden website at https://bitwarden.com/ for all things Bitwarden.
To install Bitwarden from the App Center:
To get Bitwarden from the Snap Store:
To install Bitwarden using Snap in the Terminal:
To install Bitwarden with Flatpak in the Terminal:
KeePassXC
Visit the official KeePassXC website at https://keepassxc.org/ for all things KeePassXC.
To install KeePassXC through the App Center:
To install KeePassXC using APT in the Terminal:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install keepassxc
To install KeePassXC using Flatpak in the Terminal:
flatpak install flathub org.keepassxc.KeePassXC
Buttercup
Visit the official Buttercup website at https://buttercup.pw/ for all things Buttercup.
To install Buttercup using an AppImage, start by going to the Buttercup website at https://buttercup.pw/ and download the Linux AppImage. Save it to your ~/Downloads folder. Then, find the Buttercup-linux-x86_64.AppImage file, right-click, select “Properties,” and under “Permissions,” make it executable. Double-click the file to begin installing.
For a desktop shortcut, open the terminal and type cd /usr/share/applications. Create a new file with sudo gedit buttercup1.desktop and input the following:
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Buttercup
Comment=Password Manager
Exec=./Applications/Buttercup.AppImage
Icon=application-default-icon
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Utility;
Save your file, and you’re all set with a shortcut for Buttercup.
Media Players
Media players let you enjoy music and videos from many places, like USBs, CDs, or online. They sometimes need extra software, called codecs, to play different types. Some are good for DVDs and Blu-rays, others for streaming. Choosing the right one can make your media look and sound better. You can even use more than one to handle various formats. Unlike media servers, which keep and share files, players focus on playing them. They often let you add subtitles, get updates, and change their look. Open-source ones give you lots of options and support many formats. Playlists help you organize what you want to watch or listen to, and some players can even change file types or play internet radio. If your computer isn’t very powerful, lightweight players are perfect because they don’t use much energy.
VLC is a popular, free player that works on computers and phones. It’s made by VideoLAN and can handle lots of audio, video, and streaming types, even DVDs. It can also send media over the internet and change file types. VLC has everything it needs to play media built-in, and on Linux and macOS, it can even play encrypted DVDs. You can get it from most app stores, but in some places, its DVD-playing ability might be an issue.
Parole Media Player is easy to use and made for the Xfce desktop. It uses GStreamer to play all kinds of media, like files, DVDs, and online streams. It’s not heavy on your system and you can add more features with plugins. It’s great for simple tasks and uses little power, but it might not handle broken files or very high-quality videos as well as others.
SMPlayer is another free player for Windows and Linux. It’s special because it remembers where you stopped watching or listening and keeps your settings the same for next time. It’s a front-end for MPlayer and can play YouTube videos, find subtitles, and has lots of customization options. You don’t need extra codecs with it, and it’s available in many languages, making it user-friendly and flexible.
Haruna is made for KDE Plasma and is full of features, like playing online videos, supporting YouTube playlists, and letting you make your own playlists easily. It’s designed to be simple to use and works with many video types. It has some cool extras, like skipping parts of a video and changing subtitle settings. You can find it on Flathub and in the Ubuntu repositories.
Dragon Player is all about keeping it simple. It’s for KDE desktops and focuses on playing your media files without too many bells and whistles. It started as Codeine and now it’s updated for newer KDE versions. It uses Phonon, so it plays lots of different files. Its main perks are a clean look, remembering where you left off, supporting subtitles, and letting you tweak how videos look. It can also play CDs and DVDs.
VLC
Visit the official VLC website at https://www.videolan.org/ for all things VLC.
To install VLC through the App Center:
To install VLC using APT in the terminal:
To get VLC from the Snap Store:
To install VLC with Snap in the terminal:
To install VLC using Flatpak in the terminal:
Parole Media Player
Visit the official Parole website at https://docs.xfce.org/apps/parole/start for all things Parole.
To install Parole using the App Center with a DEB, SNAP, or FLATPAK package, follow these steps:
For terminal installation with APT:
This will update your package list and install Parole. Keep in mind to choose the package format that suits your system best and ensure you have the necessary permissions to install software.
SMPlayer
Visit the official SMPlayer website at https://www.smplayer.info/ for all things SMPlayer.
App Center (DEB/SNAP/FLATPAK):
Terminal (APT):
sudo apt update
sudo apt install smplayer
Snap Store:
Terminal (Snap):
sudo snap install smplayer
Terminal (Flatpak):
flatpak install flathub info.smplayer.SMPlayer
Haruna
Visit the official Haruna website at https://apps.kde.org/en-gb/haruna/ for all things Haruna
Using the App Center:
Via APT in the Terminal:
Through the Snap Store:
Installing from the Terminal using Snap:
Installing with Flatpak in the Terminal:
Dragon Player
Visit the official Dragon Player website at https://apps.kde.org/en-gb/dragonplayer/ for all things Dragon Player.
App Center (DEB/SNAP/FLATPAK):
Terminal (APT):
Snap Store:
Terminal (SNAP):
System Utilities
System utilities are vital software that manage and fine-tune both system and application software, ensuring smooth computer operation. They work quietly in the background, performing tasks like data backup, disk compression, and file management. These utilities can be built into the operating system or added on, enhancing or replacing standard tools. They’re essential for tasks ranging from security (like anti-virus programs) to performance (like disk defragmenters), serving both regular users and IT experts. They vary in user access levels and encompass a wide range of tools, including debuggers, diagnostics, and network utilities, to maintain efficient computer performance.
QDirStat is a visual tool for disk space management. It evolved from KDirStat and runs on Qt 5 without needing KDE libraries, making it flexible for Unix-like systems and Docker. It shows files and directories in both tree and treemap views, helping users spot and handle files of different sizes and types. It’s known for its multi-selection, custom actions, and error reporting, plus adjustable views for package management, file types, and disk usage. It’s user-friendly for disk space optimization.
Psensor is a GTK+ program for monitoring hardware temperatures—like the motherboard, CPU, GPU, and hard drives—and fan speeds. It also tracks remote servers and Linux CPU usage. Psensor automatically detects compatible hardware and displays temperatures and fan speeds in text and graphs, merging all data into one graph for easy analysis. It has alarms and alerts for critical temperature and fan speed issues, keeping the system’s health in check.
Stacer is a comprehensive system optimizer and monitor for Linux. It controls various system aspects, with features for managing startup apps, cleaning unnecessary files, handling services and processes, and uninstalling apps. It simplifies boot-time app setup, system cleaning, service management, and process viewing, and shows real-time CPU, RAM, and network use. Its APT repository manager makes package edits easy, making it a multifunctional tool for Linux system optimization and monitoring.
BleachBit is a robust tool for Linux and Windows that frees disk space and safeguards privacy. It removes files like cache, cookies, history, and temporary files, and shreds files to prevent recovery. It wipes free disk space to erase traces of previously deleted files. BleachBit is easy to use, supports many applications, and is adware- and malware-free. It’s customizable, multilingual, and has advanced features like Firefox vacuuming for speed, making it crucial for system upkeep and security.
SoundConverter is the preferred audio converter for GNOME Desktop, with a simple interface and speedy, multithreaded conversion. It handles formats like Ogg Vorbis, AAC, MP3, and FLAC, thanks to GStreamer. SoundConverter lets users rename files and organize folders by tags, making conversions fast and easy. It uses available cores to accelerate conversions and can extract audio from videos, providing a smooth audio conversion experience.
Converseen is a free image processor that works on Windows, Linux, macOS, and FreeBSD. Powered by ImageMagick, it handles over 100 formats for tasks like conversion, resizing, rotation, and flipping images. It turns PDFs into images, compresses for the web, and renames files in bulk, boosting efficiency in visual content management. Its ease of use and customization options make it a practical choice for any image processing task.
GParted, the GNOME Partition Editor, is a free tool for disk partition management with GNU Parted. It eases creating, resizing, moving, and copying partitions, useful for new OS setups, disk space reorganization, or data mirroring. It works with various storage devices and file systems, offering an intuitive interface for partition alignment, data rescue, and flag setting. It suits both beginners and advanced users needing an effective disk partition management tool.
HardInfo is a detailed system profiler and benchmark for Linux, providing insights into hardware and software. It generates extensive reports and allows benchmarking, covering components like CPU, GPU, motherboard, RAM, storage, and network. HardInfo organizes data accessibly, making it easier to understand than similar tools. Users can create reports from the GUI or command line, aiding in system diagnosis and analysis.
gpustat is a command-line utility for NVIDIA Graphics Devices monitoring. It’s free and open-source, offering features for real-time GPU status checks. It includes watch mode, display options for GPU properties, process names, commands, CPU stats, usernames, process IDs, fan speeds, encoder/decoder use, and power draw. It’s valuable for detailed NVIDIA GPU performance insights.
Czkawka, Polish for “hiccup,” is a fast, free app for cleaning unnecessary files from your computer. Made with Rust, it’s speedy and safe, using advanced algorithms and multithreading. It’s ad-free, supports multiple platforms and languages, and offers both CLI and GUI options. Czkawka respects privacy, with no internet access or data collection. It has tools for finding duplicates, empty folders, large files, and more, including searches for similar images, videos, and music, and checks for invalid links, broken files, and file content mismatches.
QDirStat
Visit the official QDirStat website at https://github.com/shundhammer/qdirstat for all things QDirStat.
Open the App Center.
For terminal installation via APT:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install qdirstat
Psensor
Visit the official Psensor website at https://github.com/chinf/psensor for all things Psensor.
Using the App Center:
Using the Terminal:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install psensor
sudo sensors-detect
sensors
Stacer
Visit the official Stacer website at https://oguzhaninan.github.io/Stacer-Web/ for all things Stacer.
For terminal installation with APT:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install stacer
Bleachbit
Visit the official Bleachbit website at https://www.bleachbit.org/ for all things Bleachbit.
For terminal installation using APT:
For terminal installation using Flatpak:
SoundConverter
Visit the official SoundConverter website at https://soundconverter.org/ for all things SoundConverter.
To install SoundConverter from the App Center:
To install SoundConverter using APT in the Terminal:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install soundconverter
To install SoundConverter using Flatpak in the Terminal:
flatpak install flathub org.soundconverter.SoundConverter
Converseen
Visit the official Converseen website at https://converseen.fasterland.net/ for all things Converseen.
Using the App Center:
Via APT in the Terminal:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install converseen
Through the Snap Store:
Installing with Snap from the Terminal:
sudo snap install converseen
Via Flatpak in the Terminal:
flatpak install flathub net.fasterland.converseen
GParted
Visit the official GParted website at https://gparted.org/index.php for all things GParted.
To install GParted using the App Center:
For terminal installation with APT:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install gparted
This will update your package list and install GParted.
Hardinfo
Visit the official Hardinfo website at https://github.com/lpereira/hardinfo for all things Hardinfo.
To install Hardinfo using the App Center:
For terminal installation with APT:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install hardinfo
Gpustat
Visit the official Gpustat website at https://github.com/wookayin/gpustat for all things Gpustat.
For terminal installation using APT:
Czkawka
Visit the official Czkawka website at https://github.com/qarmin/czkawka for all things Czkawka.
App Center (DEB/SNAP/FLATPAK):
Snap Store:
Terminal Commands:
sudo snap install czkawka
flatpak install flathub com.github.qarmin.czkawka
Instant Messaging
Instant messaging lets you chat in real-time, using text, emojis, and even voice or video. It’s quick and easy but depends on a central server, which can raise privacy worries. Chat rooms and mobile messaging make it even more connected.
Discord is a lively place for chatting, gaming, and joining communities. It works on all major devices and offers private chats and group calls. It’s all about bringing people together in a fun and open way.
ICQ offers chats, cloud storage, and anonymous posting. You can chat with thousands at once, use cool stickers, and even hide your phone number. It’s great for keeping in touch and having fun conversations.
Skype, from Microsoft, is all about free calls and messages, reaching millions worldwide. It’s handy for work and staying in touch with friends. It’s got some paid features too, like calling phones and sending texts.
Session is all about private messaging. It uses a secure network so you can chat without sharing your phone number or email. It’s still growing but offers a new, secure way to talk online.
Pidgin is a free messaging app that supports many chat services. It’s secure and works on different systems. It’s customizable with plugins, making it a solid choice for chatting with friends.
Ferdium brings all your chat services into one place. It’s private, syncs across devices, and helps you manage work and personal chats. It’s an upgrade from Franz and keeps things simple and organized.
Signal focuses on secure, private chats with top-notch encryption. It’s free and doesn’t have ads or trackers. It’s run by a nonprofit, so it’s all about your privacy and making sure everyone can connect safely.
Telegram mixes messaging with social networking. It’s secure, user-friendly, and full of features like stories and big groups. It’s been around since 2013 and is known for keeping your chats safe.
These apps make talking online easy, fun, and secure, each with its own special features to fit your needs. Whether you’re gaming, working, or just catching up with friends, there’s an app for you.
Discord
Visit the official Discord website at https://discord.com/ for all things Discord.
Using the App Center:
Through the Snap Store:
Via Terminal with Snap:
Via Terminal with Flatpak:
Installing with a .deb file:
ICQ
Visit the official ICQ website at https://icq.com/ for all things ICQ.
To install ICQ through the Snap Store:
To install ICQ using the Terminal:
Skype
Visit the official Skype website at https://www.skype.com/en/ for all things Skype.
Through App Center:
Using APT in Terminal:
curl -s https://repo.skype.com/data/SKYPE-GPG-KEY | sudo apt-key add -
echo "deb https://repo.skype.com/deb stable main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/skype.list
Through Snap Store:
Using Snap in Terminal:
Using Flatpak in Terminal:
Installing .deb from GUI:
Session
Visit the official Session website at https://getsession.org/ for all things Session.
For DEB/SNAP/FLATPAK via App Center:
Install Session with Flatpak in Terminal:
Install Session with AppImage via GUI:
Create Session Shortcut:
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Session
Exec=./Downloads/session-desktop-linux-x86_64-1.12.3.AppImage
Icon=terminal
Type=Application
Categories=Utility;Game;
Pidgin
Visit the official Pidgin website at https://www.pidgin.im/https://www.pidgin.im/ for all things Pidgin.
To install Pidgin using the App Center:
For APT installation in the Terminal:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install pidgin
For Flatpak installation in the Terminal:
flatpak install flathub im.pidgin.Pidgin
Ferdium
Visit the official Ferdium website at https://ferdium.org/ for all things Ferdium.
App Center (DEB/SNAP/FLATPAK):
Snap Store:
Terminal (Snap):
Terminal (Flatpak):
Signal
Visit the official Signal website at https://signal.org/ for all things Signal.
Through the App Center:
Using APT in the Terminal:
wget -O- https://updates.signal.org/desktop/apt/keys.asc | gpg --dearmor > signal-desktop-keyring.gpg
cat signal-desktop-keyring.gpg | sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/signal-desktop-keyring.gpg > /dev/null
echo 'deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/signal-desktop-keyring.gpg] https://updates.signal.org/desktop/apt xenial main' | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/signal-xenial.list
sudo apt update && sudo apt install signal-desktop
Through the Snap Store:
Installing via Snap in the Terminal:
Installing via Flatpak in the Terminal:
Telegram
Visit the official Telegram website at https://telegram.org/ for all things Telegram.
Using the App Center:
Using APT in the Terminal:
Using the Snap Store:
Using Snap in the Terminal:
Using Flatpak in the Terminal:
Remote Working
Remote working tools help teams work together from anywhere. They’ve grown since the 1970s, especially with the internet and cloud tech. These tools save money, offer flexibility, and let companies hire from a broader talent pool. However, they can also lead to less in-person contact and feelings of loneliness.
Zoom became very popular during the pandemic. It’s a video call app that’s easy to use and free. It lets up to 100 people meet for 40 minutes at no cost. People can share their screens and files, and chat privately. You don’t need an account to join a meeting, but you do to host one. Its simplicity and the ability to bring many people together quickly make it a top choice.
Slack is an app for business chats that improves how teams talk and work together. It has special channels for easy sharing and chatting, no matter where you are or the time zone. Slack is good for flexible work because you can get info and talk to coworkers when needed. It’s inclusive, with shared info everyone can find and use, which helps make decisions faster. Slack also works with AI and other apps to make work easier. It supports messages, calls, videos, and live group chats, fitting different work styles and keeping teams connected safely.
Citrix Workspace is an app that gives secure, quick access to everything you need to work. It combines virtual desktops, apps, and web services, and you can sign in just once. It replaced Citrix Receiver and uses HDX tech for a clear experience on all devices and browsers. This app manages apps and desktops well, making work smoother with good search functions and easy web browsing.
Zoom
Visit the official Zoom website at https://zoom.us/ for all things Zoom.
sudo apt install gdebi libglib2.0-0 libxcb-shape0 libxcb-shm0 libxcb-xfixes0 libxcb-randr0 libxcb-image0 libfontconfig1 libgl1-mesa-glx libxi6 libsm6 libxrender1 libpulse0 libxcomposite1 libxslt1.1 libsqlite3-0 libxcb-keysyms1 libxcb-xtest0 ibus libegl1-mesa libxcb-cursor0
Slack
Visit the official Slack website at https://slack.com/intl/en-gb/ for all things Slack.
Using the App Center:
Through the Snap Store:
Via Terminal with Snap:
sudo snap install slack
Via Terminal with Flatpak:
flatpak install flathub com.slack.Slack
Citrix Workspace
Visit the official Citrix Workspace website at https://www.citrix.com/products/receiver.html for all things Citrix Workspace.
Cloud Office Suites
Cloud office suites are handy online tools that boost business flexibility. They let you work from anywhere, using apps for teamwork and getting things done. Linux Desktops support this move to the cloud, helping teams share info instantly, which is great for businesses wanting to be nimble and efficient.
Google Docs Editors Suite is a part of Google Drive, offering tools like Docs, Sheets, and Slides online or on mobile. It supports working together in real time, with features like editing history and smart suggestions. This makes creating and sharing documents easy, helping teams work well together.
Microsoft 365 combines Microsoft’s productivity tools, teamwork features, and cloud services. It has apps like Word and Excel, and services like Outlook.com and Teams. It’s for everyone and businesses, with versions for computers, Macs, and phones. It also has business tools like Exchange Server and SharePoint, with plans that give you software, email, and intranet, covering all your needs.
Zoho Office Suite is an all-in-one, Indian-made online suite for team work and getting things done. It has many apps for writing, spreadsheets, and more, plus tools for customer management and projects. It lets teams work from anywhere, share easily, and manage documents in the cloud. Zoho works with Microsoft Office files and other apps, making it a flexible choice for businesses aiming to improve productivity and teamwork.
Google Docs Editors Suite
Visit the official Google Docs Editors Suite website at https://www.google.co.uk/docs/about/ for all things Google Docs Editors Suite.
To use Google Docs from your computer:
Microsoft 365
Visit the official Microsoft 365 website at https://www.microsoft.com/en-gb/microsoft-365/ for all things Microsoft 365.
To use Microsoft 365, simply go to the website https://www.microsoft.com/en-gb/microsoft-365/. Once there, log in to start using the services.
Zoho Office Suite
Visit the official Zoho Office Suite website at https://www.zoho.com/officesuite/ for all things Zoho Office Suite.
To use Zoho Office Suite, simply go to https://www.zoho.com/officesuite/ in your web browser. Once there, log in to start using the suite’s features.
AI Content Generation
AI tools now craft text and visuals, changing how we create and share content. They’ve grown beyond early issues like bias, shaping new business and artistic methods.
Easy Diffusion makes using Stable Diffusion a breeze with a single click, no complex setup, and a straightforward interface. It boasts features for better image creation, quick edits, and supports various image formats, all while being light on your computer’s memory.
oobabooga is a flexible web UI for working with advanced language models. It’s user-friendly, supports different modes, and lets you switch between models easily. It also has voice and translation add-ons, making it a versatile choice for generating text.
Stable Diffusion’s negative prompt feature helps you avoid unwanted elements in images, ensuring clearer, more accurate results.
Upscayl is a no-cost AI tool for enhancing image resolution, crafted by TGS963 and Nayam Amarshe. It’s compatible with many devices and can upscale images fourfold, maintaining clarity.
The Stable Diffusion Web UI streamlines the use of Generative AI for image creation and editing. It’s easy to set up and offers unique editing features, working well even on basic computers.
The unofficial ChatGPT Desktop Application is a comprehensive tool for learning and research, available across major operating systems. It includes handy features like text-to-speech and chat export, though it faces challenges like unauthorized sales.
These tools are reshaping our digital landscape, making powerful AI accessible to all, and enhancing our interaction with media in exciting ways.
Easy Diffusion
Visit the official Easy Diffusion website at https://easydiffusion.github.io/ for all things Easy Diffusion.
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Easy Diffusion
Comment=Run Easy Diffusion
Exec=.//home/your-username/Downloads/easy-diffusion/start.sh
Icon=terminal
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Utility;Game;
Make sure the Exec= line points to where you’ve extracted Easy Diffusion.
oobabooga (Text Generation GUI)
Visit the official oobabooga (Text Generation GUI) website at https://github.com/oobabooga/text-generation-webui for all things oobabooga (Text Generation GUI).
To install oobabooga (Text Generation GUI) from a .tar.xz file, follow these steps:
For a desktop shortcut:
[Desktop Entry]
Name=oobabooga (Text Generation GUI)
Comment=Start oobabooga GUI
Exec=/home/yourusername/Downloads/text-generation-webui-main/update_linux.sh
Icon=terminal
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Utility;Game;
Make sure the Exec= line points to where you’ve saved oobabooga on your computer.
Negative Prompts For Stable Diffusion
(((((extra fingers))))), (((((poorly drawn hands))))), (((((poorly drawn face))))), (((((mutation))))), (((((deformed))))), (((((bad proportions))))), (((((extra limbs))))), (((((glitchy))))), (((((extra hands))))), (((((mangled fingers))))), (((((portrait))))), (((((text))))), (((((words))))), (((((copyright))))), (((((realism))))), (((((2girl))))), (((((3girl))))), (((((4girl))))), (((((helmet))))), (((((multiple_breasts))))), (((((flowers))))), (((((blur))))), (((((terrible))))), (((((awful))))), (((((copyright))))), ((((((trademark)))))), (((((watermark))))),
(((((censorship))))), (((((censored))))), (((((deformed face))))), (((((bad anatomy))))), (((((deformed face))))), (((((ugly))))), (((((deformed hands))))), (((((blurry))))), (((((multiple_breasts))))), (((((multiple_nipples))))), (((((jpeg artifacts))))), (((((signature))))), (((((username))))), (((((blurry))))), (((((monochrome))))), (((((asymmetrical breasts))))), (((((cropped))))), (((((worst quality))))),
(((((low quality))))), (((((normal quality))))), (((((extra digit))))), (((((fewer digits))))), (((((lowres))))), (((((artist name))))), (((((poorly draw))))), (((((messy drawing))))), (((((extra ears))))), (((((broken legs))))), (((((puffy nipples))))), (((((disfigured))))), (((((long neck))))), (((((out of frame))))), (((((crossed eyes))))), (((((bad hands))))), (((((error))))), (((((missing fingers))))), (((((normal quality))))), (((((mutated))))), (((((broken legs))))), (((((hands inside body))))), (((((extra leg))))), (((((third leg))))), (((((amputee))))), (((((extra breasts))))), (((((fused hands))))), (((((claws))))), (((((more than 2 nipples))))), (((((lineart))))), (((((simple background))))), (((((floating limbs))))), (((((disconnected limbs))))), (((((out of focus))))), (((((conjoined))))), (((((blended))))),
(((((fused))))), (((((pathetic))))), (((((sloppy))))), (((((liquid collarbone))))), (((((disappearing arms))))), (((((missing breasts))))), (((((short arm))))), (((((missing arms))))), (((((more than 2 legs))))), (((((extra arms))))), (((((fused fingers))))), (((((malformed hands))))), (((((missing hand))))), (((((missing hands))))), (((((one hand with more than 5 fingers))))), (((((one hand with less than 5 fingers)))), (((((one hand with less than 5 digit))))), (((((fused digit))))), (((((bad digit))))), (((((liquid digit))))), (((((bad gloves))))), (((((poorly drawn gloves))))), (((((fused gloves))))), (((((more than 1 left hand))))) , (((((more than 1 right hand))))), (((((asymmetrical body))))), (((((missing extremities))))), (((((walleyed))))), (((((eye bags))))), (((((duplicate))))), (((((dehydrated))))), (((((cloned face))))), (((((malformed limbs))))), (((((blind))))), (((((dead eyes))))), (((((out of shot))))), (((((logo))))), (((((writing)))))
Upscayl
Visit the official Upscayl website at https://www.upscayl.org/ for all things Upscayl.
App Center (DEB/SNAP/FLATPAK):
Snap Store:
Terminal (Snap):
Terminal (Flatpak):
GUI (.deb):
Stable Diffusion Web UI
Visit the official Stable Diffusion Web UI website at https://github.com/AUTOMATIC1111/stable-diffusion-webui for all things Stable Diffusion Web UI.
To install the Stable Diffusion Web UI using the GUI, follow these steps:
For creating a shortcut:
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Stable Diffusion Web UI
Comment=Run Stable Diffusion Web UI
Exec=~/Downloads/stable-diffusion-webui-1.9.3/webui.sh
Icon=terminal
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Utility;Game;
Unofficial ChatGPT Desktop Application
Visit the official Unofficial ChatGPT Desktop Application website at https://github.com/lencx/ChatGPT for all things Unofficial ChatGPT Desktop Application.
To install the unofficial ChatGPT app, follow these steps:
System Settings
Debian 12’s system settings give you a full view and control of your computer’s inner workings. You can dive into details like RAM and processor speed, or update your system’s software and security through easy-to-use interfaces or terminal commands.
The GNOME desktop’s Night Light feature cuts down on blue light from your screen, making it gentler on your eyes at night. You can find it in the display settings, switch it on or off, or change the color warmth to suit your comfort.
Redshift adjusts your screen’s warmth in the Cinnamon desktop based on the time of day, helping you avoid eye strain and sleep better. It changes colors smoothly and needs your location to work right, supporting multiple screens on Linux and BSD.
PipeWire is a new project that improves how Linux handles audio and video. It’s fast, secure, and works with many multimedia apps, making it easier for developers to create great software.
XanMod is a custom Linux kernel that boosts your system’s speed and stability, perfect for gaming or live streaming. It’s packed with features that help your computer handle intense tasks without a hitch.
Liquorix is another Linux kernel that’s all about quick response times. It’s great for creative work or gaming, fine-tuning your system to run smoothly and handle tasks efficiently.
In Debian 12, environment variables are like shortcuts that store info and manage how programs behave. They’re easy to set up and use, making your system more flexible.
You can personalize your Cinnamon desktop with your favorite image or color as the background. Just right-click, choose “Change desktop background,” and pick what you like.
Mount_options.conf is a feature for system admins to set up secure and consistent access to different filesystems. It’s a key tool for managing storage safely.
“Startup Applications” in the Cinnamon desktop lets you control which programs start when you boot up your computer. It helps your system start faster and smoother.
Auto-mounting drives in Debian 12 means your storage is ready to go as soon as you start your computer. The GNOME Disks utility makes it easy to set this up.
Keybinds and screenshots in Debian 12 are handy for capturing what’s on your screen, useful for sharing info or keeping records.
The systemd timeout setting prevents services from taking too long to start or stop, keeping your system running smoothly. You can adjust it as needed.
Immutable files and folders can’t be changed once they’re made, protecting your data from being altered or deleted.
FFmpegthumbnailer is a quick tool for making video thumbnails, helping you manage and find your videos faster.
Linux .desktop files are simple text files that help your desktop environment manage applications, making it easier to use your software.
Debian 12’s power settings help you save energy, like adjusting screen brightness or setting sleep mode, so your computer runs better for longer.
Night Light (GNOME)
Visit the official Night Light (GNOME) website at https://foundation.gnome.org/ for all things Night Light (GNOME).
To set up the Night Light feature in GNOME:
This will help reduce blue light and may improve your sleep.
Night Light (Cinnamon & Redshift)
Visit the official Night Light (Cinnamon & Redshift) websites at https://github.com/linuxmint/cinnamon & https://github.com/jonls/redshift for all things Night Light (Cinnamon & Redshift).
To install Night Light with Redshift on Cinnamon, start by opening the terminal. Type sudo apt install redshift redshift-gtk wayland* to install the necessary packages. Next, go to your configuration folder with cd ~/.config. Open the Redshift config file by typing nano redshift.conf.
Here’s what to add to the file:
[redshift]
temp-night=2350
transition=1
brightness=1.0
gamma=1.0
[location]
adjustment-method=vidmode
location-provider=manual
Save your edits with CTRL + S and exit using CTRL + X. This sets up a cozy, eye-friendly screen for nighttime use.
Possible PipeWire Sound Crackle & Popping Fixes
Visit the official PipeWire website at https://PipeWire.org/ for all things PipeWire.
To fix sound problems with PipeWire, like crackling, follow these steps:
echo "options snd_hda_intel power_save=0" | sudo tee -a /etc/modprobe.d/audio_disable_powersave.conf
echo "options snd_hda_intel power_save_controller=N" | sudo tee -a /etc/modprobe.d/audio_disable_powersave.conf
cat /sys/module/snd_hda_intel/parameters/power_save
cat /sys/module/snd_hda_intel/parameters/power_save_controller
They should show 0 and N.
/usr/share/pipewire/pipewire.conf
Then change the following lines:
systemctl --user restart pipewire.service pipewire-pulse.service pipewire-media-session.service ; systemctl --user restart pipewire-multi.service
@audio - nice -20
sudo apt purge speech-dispatcher
After these changes, make sure everything is saved and consistent, then reboot your computer. This should improve your PipeWire audio experience. Remember to back up any important files before making changes.
Xanmod
Visit the official Xanmod website at https://xanmod.org/ for all things Xanmod.
wget -qO - https://dl.xanmod.org/archive.key | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/xanmod-archive-keyring.gpg
echo 'deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/xanmod-archive-keyring.gpg] http://deb.xanmod.org releases main' | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/xanmod-release.list
sudo apt update && sudo apt install linux-xanmod-x64v3
Make sure to note down all the linux-xanmod packages that get installed. This helps keep track of the changes made to your system.
Liquorix
Visit the official Liquorix website at https://liquorix.net/ for all things Liquorix.
First, update your package list with:
sudo apt update
Then, to install Liquorix, use curl to download and execute the installation script:
curl -s 'https://liquorix.net/install-liquorix.sh' | sudo bash
That’s it! These steps will set up Liquorix on your system
Debian 12 System Variables
Visit the official Debian 12 System Variables website at https://wiki.debian.org/EnvironmentVariables for all things Debian 12 System Variables.
To set up system variables in Debian 12 for both command line and GUI, start by opening the Bash config file with sudo gedit /etc/bash.bashrc. At the end of the file, add these lines to fine-tune your system:
# Set environment variables for better performance
export STAGING_WRITECOPY='1'
export DXVK_ENABLE_NVAPI='1'
export WINEESYNC='1'
export WINEDEBUG='-all'
export __GL_SHADER_DISK_CACHE_SKIP_CLEANUP='1'
export __GL_THREADED_OPTIMIZATION='1'
export STAGING_SHARED_MEMORY='1'
export WINE_SIMULATE_WRITECOPY='1'
# Define paths for gaming enhancements
export DXVK_STATE_CACHE_PATH='/home/your_username/.wine/drive_c/Program Files (x86)/Battle.net'
export __GL_SHADER_CACHE='/home/your_username/.wine/drive_c/Program Files (x86)/Battle.net'
export VKD3D_SHADER_CACHE_PATH='/home/your_username/.wine/drive_c/Program Files (x86)/Battle.net'
# Additional configurations
export VKD3D_CONFIG='dxr'
export exclude_processes='Agent.exe "Battle.net Helper.exe'
# Uncomment and adjust the following as needed
# export GOPATH='$HOME/work'
# export PATH='$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin:$GOPATH/bin'
# export PATH='/home/your_username/.nimble/bin:$PATH'
# Handy aliases for system management
alias update='sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y'
alias updater='sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y && sudo snap refresh'
alias wget1='wget --limit-rate 5100k'
alias purge='sudo apt purge'
alias install='sudo apt install -y'
alias insnap='sudo snap install'
alias ipkg='sudo dpkg -i'
alias fix='sudo dpkg --configure -a && sudo apt-get install -f'
alias fixit='sudo apt install -f'
alias clean='sudo apt update && sudo apt autoremove -y && sudo apt clean -y && sudo apt autoclean -y'
alias remove='sudo rm -r'
alias gitc='git clone'
alias gitcr='git clone –recursive'
Remember to replace your_username with your actual username. Save your changes to apply these new settings. These tweaks will help optimize your system for certain apps and make managing updates and packages easier.
Setting Image As Background
Visit the official Cinnamon website at https://github.com/linuxmint/cinnamon for all things Cinnamon.
Begin by right-clicking on an image file, then click on "Set as Background.
mount_options.conf
Visit the official udisks website at https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/udisks/ for all things udisks.
sudo apt update
sudo gedit /etc/udisks2/mount_options.conf
[defaults]
ntfs_defaults=uid=$UID,gid=$GID
ntfs_allow=uid=$UID,gid=$GID,nls,umask,dmask,fmask,nohidden,sys_immutable,discard,force,sparse,showmeta,prealloc,no_acs_rules,acl,noatime
Adding Startup Applications In Cinnamon
To set up apps to start with Cinnamon using the GUI:
To add a custom command in Cinnamon:
To add startup apps via the command line:
This will make sure your apps or commands start when Cinnamon does.
Adding Startup Application in GNOME
To set up an app to run when you start GNOME, simply do this:
That’s it! Now, “Pale Moon” will launch automatically each time you log in to GNOME.
Auto Mount Partitions Using GNOME Disks
To set up automatic partition mounting with GNOME Disks, open Disks from your apps. Pick the disk, then the partition you want to auto-mount. Click the gear icon and choose “Edit Mount Options.” Turn off “User Session Defaults” and press “OK.” This makes partitions mount automatically, no fuss needed.
Cinnamon Screenshot Keybindings
To change the flashspot to transparent in your theme, follow these steps:
This will apply your changes to the theme.
To make a “Screenshots” folder, simply open your “Files” app, go to the “~/Pictures” area, and right-click to choose “New Folder.” Name this new folder “Screenshots,” and you’re all set.
To set up a shortcut for a fullscreen screenshot, follow these steps:
This will let you take a fullscreen screenshot by pressing F11, and it will save in your Pictures/Screenshots folder with the current date and time as the file name.
GNOME Overview & Windows Keybinds
To change the keybind for the overview in the GUI, open the “Settings” from the application menu. Go to the “Keyboard” section and click on “View and Customize Shortcuts.” Type “Show the overview” in the search bar. When it appears, press “Super + TAB” to set it. This makes the overview work like Windows, especially with arcmenu. Click “Set” to finish.
To change the shortcut for switching windows, open the “Settings” from your app menu. Then, head to the “Keyboard” section and click on “View and Customize Shortcuts.” Type “Switch windows” in the search field. When it appears, hit “ALT + TAB” together and click “Set” to finish.
GNOME Screenshot Keybinds
To change the screenshot key, open the application menu and go to “Settings.” Click on the “Keyboard” section and choose “View and Customize Shortcuts.” Type “screenshot” in the search bar. When you see the screenshot option, press “F10.” Click “Set” to finish.
To change the shortcut for capturing a window screenshot, open the “Settings” from your application menu. Then, head to the “Keyboard” section and click on “Shortcuts.” Type “screenshot of a window” in the search box. When it appears, hit “F11” to set it as the new key. Finish by clicking “Set.” This will update your screenshot key to F11, making it quick and easy to capture window images.
To change the shortcut for taking a screenshot of a window, open the “Settings” from your application menu. Then, go to the “Keyboard” section and click on “Shortcuts.” Type “screenshot of a window” in the search bar. When it appears, press “F9” to set it as the new key. Click “Set” to finish.
Default Systemd Timeout
Visit the official Systemd website at https://systemd.io/ for all things Systemd.
sudo apt update
cd /etc/systemd/
sudo gedit system.conf
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
That’s it! You’ve successfully updated the default systemd timeout setting.
Making Files And Folders Immutable
Visit the official Immutable Files and Folders website at https://www.linux.org/docs/man1/chattr.html for all things Immutable Files and Folders.
This process ensures that the specified file cannot be modified, ensuring its integrity.
ffmpegthumbnailer
Visit the official ffmpegthumbnailer website at https://github.com/dirkvdb/ffmpegthumbnailer for all things ffmpegthumbnailer.
To set up ffmpegthumbnailer on your system, open the Terminal and enter the following commands. This will update your package lists, install necessary software, and clear out old thumbnails:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install ffmpeg ffmpegthumbnailer gstreamer1.0-libav
rm -r ~/.cache/thumbnails/
This process is straightforward: first, we ensure your system’s package database is current. Next, we install ffmpeg and ffmpegthumbnailer, along with gstreamer1.0-libav for media handling. Finally, we remove the existing thumbnail cache to allow the new installations to regenerate fresh thumbnails.
Removing .desktop files
Visit the official .desktop files website at https://specifications.freedesktop.org/desktop-entry-spec/desktop-entry-spec-latest.html for all things .desktop files.
cd /usr/share/applications
dir
sudo cp uget-gtk.desktop uget-gtk1.desktop
sudo rm -r uget-gtk.desktop
sudo update-desktop-database
This process will remove the specified .desktop file and update the system accordingly.
Power Settings
To change your computer’s power settings, simply open “Settings” from the menu. Then, go to “Power” and set “Screen Blank” to “5 Minutes.” Turn off “Automatic Suspend” by choosing “Off.” This quick method customizes your power options without any fuss.
GNOME Extensions
Third-party GNOME Shell extensions add new features to your desktop. You can get them from a special website and they have IDs for safe setup. They can change a lot, but be careful because they can cause computer problems. Still, they’re checked for safety before you can download them.
The GNOME Shell Extension Manager makes it easy to handle these extensions. You can add or remove them right from their website, which is great for Ubuntu 24.04 users since the default browser can’t do this. It’s even better with GNOME 46 because it updates itself and manages all extensions, including the ones that come with your system. You can get it as a Flatpak from Flathub.
For Chrome and Firefox users, there are add-ons that let you work with GNOME extensions without leaving your browser. This means you don’t have to use the command line to change your desktop.
The User Themes extension lets you change how GNOME Shell looks on Ubuntu 24.04 LTS. Normally, you can’t do this with GNOME Tweaks, but this extension lets you.
ArcMenu gives you a menu for your apps that you can change to look different ways. It has a search feature, shortcuts, and new styles like a round search box. It’s always getting better, with new settings for icons and a power button menu like Windows 11.
Dash to Panel combines your app launchers and system tray into one panel, like in KDE Plasma or Windows 7. It’s full of options to make it work how you want, like showing previews of windows and hiding when you don’t need it. It makes using multiple monitors easier and lets you open apps with keyboard shortcuts.
Desktop Icons (NG) is a better version of the official Desktop Icons extension. It lets you move things around easily and open files with different programs. It shows full names for icons and keeps your desktop running smoothly.
Tray Icons: Reloaded brings back the tray icons to the top panel with new options. You can control how many icons show, where they go, and how they look. It also has a special mode for when there are too many icons.
GNOME Shell Extension Manager
Visit the official GNOME Shell Extension Manager website at https://github.com/mjakeman/extension-manager for all things GNOME Shell Extension Manager.
To install the GNOME Shell Extension Manager using the App Center, follow these steps:
For terminal installation with APT:
For terminal installation with Flatpak:
GNOME Shell Integration
Visit the official GNOME Shell Integration websites at https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/gnome-shell-integration/gphhapmejobijbbhgpjhcjognlahblep and https://addons.mozilla.org/en-GB/firefox/addon/gnome-shell-integration/ for all things GNOME Shell Integration.
For Chrome:
For Firefox:
User Themes
Visit the official User Themes website at https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gnome-shell-extensions for all things User Themes.
To add the User Themes extension to your GNOME desktop, simply:
That’s it! You’ll have the User Themes extension up and running in no time.
ArcMenu
Visit the official ArcMenu website at https://gitlab.com/arcmenu/ArcMenu for all things ArcMenu.
That’s it! You’ll have ArcMenu installed and ready to use.
Dash to Panel
Visit the official Dash to Panel website at https://github.com/home-sweet-gnome/dash-to-panel for all things Dash to Panel.
To install the Dash to Panel extension for GNOME, follow these steps:
For adjusting the tray font size:
Desktop Icons (NG)
Visit the official Desktop Icons (NG) website at https://gitlab.com/rastersoft/desktop-icons-ng for all things Desktop Icons (NG).
Tray Icons: Reloaded
Visit the official Tray Icons: Reloaded website at https://github.com/MartinPL/Tray-Icons-Reloaded for all things Tray Icons: Reloaded.
Cinnamon Applets
Cinnamon applets make Ubuntu 24.04 LTS better. The “Force Quit” applet lets you shut down stuck windows fast. To make one, you give it a unique ID and make two files: “metadata.json” for info and “applet.js” for the code. They go in the Cinnamon applets folder on your computer. These applets work well with different panel sizes and layouts.
The Grouped Window List applet keeps your desktop tidy. It groups windows by app in the panel, like a taskbar. This makes it easy to find and manage your open apps.
The Cinnamon Windows Alt-Tab Switcher lets you flip through apps using icons or thumbnails. You can change the size and style of the icons. The enhanced version works on all your workspaces and has better thumbnails and controls.
The Cinnamon Menu Applet is a simple menu for opening apps. Just type the app’s name or alias, and it starts up. It sorts apps into categories, so everything is easy to find.
The Calendar Applet gives you a clock like the one in Windows XP. It’s easy to read and avoids XP’s old problems. It also has a 12-hour clock, which is more familiar to some people than a 24-hour one.
Grouped Window List
To set up the Grouped Window List, start by opening Firefox from your applications. Once it’s up, minimize it. Then, right-click the Firefox icon on your taskbar and choose “Configure.” Go to the “Panel” tab and find “Button label.” Click it and select “Window Title.”
Cinnamon Windows Alt-Tab Switcher
To get the Cinnamon Windows Alt-Tab Switcher up and running, here’s what you need to do: Open the menu and start the Windows command. Next, go to the Alt-Tab area and find “Alt-Tab switcher style.” Tick the box and choose “Thumbnails only” from the list.
Cinnamon Menu Applet
To customize your Cinnamon Menu Applet, simply right-click the menu and choose “configure.” Head over to the “Panel” tab and turn on the “Use a custom icon and label” feature. Clear the “Text” field by pressing CTRL + A and then DEL, and type in “ Start” for the new name. For changing the icon, click the box, clear the search with CTRL + A and DEL, type “start-here,” pick the “start-here” icon, and hit “Select” to apply it.
Cinnamon Calendar Applet
To change the date format in the Cinnamon Calendar Applet to a 12-hour clock via the GUI, here’s what you do: Right-click the Calendar applet at the bottom right of your screen and select “Configure.” Then, turn on “Use a custom date format” by moving its switch to the right. Clear the “Date format” box with CTRL + A and enter “%I:%M %p”. Hit enter to save. Now, your calendar will show the time in an easy-to-read 12-hour format.
Desktop Environments
Desktop environments make using computers easier by offering a visual interface with icons and toolbars. They started on personal computers but now help users manage files across different devices, including 3D desktops. KDE and GNOME are well-known examples that let users tailor their experience.
Tasksel is a handy tool for Debian and Ubuntu, helping install package groups easily, which simplifies setting up servers. It works like meta-packages, offering a simple way to add new features to your system.
GNOME is a user-friendly desktop environment for Linux and Unix systems, created by a worldwide team. It’s often the default choice for Linux versions, providing a clean design and tools like the Activities Overview for task management.
KDE Plasma 5 is a modern version of KDE’s desktop, introduced in 2014. It has a new look, faster performance, and features like encrypted vaults and session management. It’s set to be replaced by Plasma 6 in 2024.
LXDE is built for speed and low resource use, ideal for older computers. It uses the GTK 2 toolkit and includes essential tools like the PCMan File Manager, making it a good choice for basic computing.
XFCE is a lightweight desktop environment known for being fast and light on resources. The latest version, XFCE 4.18, brings improvements like a new file input widget and better thumbnail handling.
GNOME
Visit the official GNOME website at https://foundation.gnome.org/ for all things GNOME.
To install GNOME with APT:
To install GNOME with Tasksel:
Tasksel
Visit the official tasksel website at https://github.com/ParrotSec/tasksel for all things tasksel.
Want to get Tasksel on your system? It’s straightforward. Open your terminal and run these two commands:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install tasksel
This will update your package list and install Tasksel for you.
KDE Plasma
Visit the official KDE Plasma website at https://kde.org/plasma-desktop/ for all things KDE Plasma.
sudo apt update
sudo apt install kde-full
For Tasksel, type tasksel in the terminal. Use the arrow keys to select KDE Plasma, then hit the SPACEBAR. Press Enter after choosing “Ok” to start the install.
LXDE
Visit the official LXDE website at https://www.lxde.org/ for all things LXDE.
To set up LXDE with APT, open the terminal and input:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install lxde
For Tasksel, type tasksel in the terminal. When it opens, select LXDE with the arrow keys and the SPACEBAR. Confirm with “Ok” and press Enter. This method installs LXDE quickly and easily.
XFCE
Visit the official XFCE website at https://www.xfce.org/ for all things XFCE.
To install XFCE in the terminal using APT:
To install XFCE with Tasksel:
This method is quick and easy, giving you XFCE’s versatile interface in no time.
Programming Languages
Programming languages are tools for crafting software. They mix rules (syntax) and meaning (semantics) with features like types and error handling. Once tied to specific hardware, they now offer broader, simpler designs. From basic commands to complex object-oriented systems, they serve diverse programming needs, weighing ease against power.
Zig, by Andrew Kelley, is a lean language for system programming. It skips complex features like macros for straightforward coding, offering safety and efficiency. It stands out with features like compile-time operations and manual memory management, setting it apart from Go, Rust, and Carbon.
Go, developed by Google’s trio Griesemer, Pike, and Thompson, blends C’s style with modern features like memory safety and easy concurrency. It’s simple yet powerful, backed by a strong library and community, running on various platforms and even in web browsers via JavaScript.
Rust, from Graydon Hoare and Mozilla, excels in safe, concurrent programming without a garbage collector. Its smart memory handling is a hit with big tech firms and has even joined the Linux kernel’s toolbox. It’s known for blending performance with functional programming traits.
Lua, emerging from Brazil in 1993, shines in small, efficient scripting. It’s a favorite for embedded systems, offering flexibility and a straightforward way to work with C. Lua’s speed and small size make it a go-to for a range of applications.
OpenJDK is the open-source hub for Java, started by Sun Microsystems. It’s a meeting ground for Java enthusiasts to shape its future, offering tools for developers and learners alike. It’s a cornerstone for Java’s ongoing growth and innovation.
Zig
Visit the official Zig website at https://ziglang.org/ for all things Zig.
Via Snap Store:
Using Terminal: Type and run:
sudo snap install zig --beta –classic
Go
Visit the official Go website at https://go.dev/ for all things Go.
Rust
Visit the official Rust website at https://www.rust-lang.org/ for all things Rust.
For installation, open your Terminal and run the following commands:
curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh
source "$HOME/.cargo/env"
This will download and install Rust. Remember to run the second command to configure your environment.
Lua
Visit the official Lua website at https://www.lua.org/home.html for all things Lua.
sudo apt update
sudo apt install build-essential libreadline-dev wget
mkdir lua_build && cd lua_build
wget https://www.lua.org/ftp/lua-5.4.6.tar.gz
tar -xvf lua-5.4.6.tar.gz
cd lua-5.4.6
make linux test
sudo make install
OpenJava
Visit the official OpenJava website at https://openjdk.org/ for all things OpenJava.
To install OpenJava from the App Center:
To install OpenJava using APT in the Terminal:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install default-jre default-jdk
Imageboards
Imageboards are like online forums from Japan but focus on pictures more than words. They let people talk about many things by posting images. People can post without sharing who they are, using special codes called tripcodes to keep some privacy. These boards are different from art galleries because they get their pictures from users, not just showing them. Boards like 4chan use better tripcodes to keep people even more private.
YChanEx is a software for saving threads and pictures from imageboards like 4chan. It works on Windows or Linux and has a special way to download things easily. It’s still being made better, but it already helps with using proxies, unpacking files, and keeping track of threads. The goal of YChanEx is to make it easier to keep a record of what’s on imageboards.
YChanEx
Visit the official YChanEx website at https://github.com/murrty/YChanEx for all things YChanEx.
Update your system:
sudo apt update
Add 32-bit architecture:
sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
sudo apt update
Prepare for WineHQ installation:
sudo mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings
sudo wget -O /etc/apt/keyrings/winehq-archive.key https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/winehq.key
sudo wget -NP /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/debian/dists/bookworm/winehq-bookworm.sources
sudo apt update
Install WineHQ Staging:
sudo apt install winehq-staging
Download YChanEx: Go to the releases page and download YChanEx.exe (version 2.0 works with WINE-Staging).
Run YChanEx: Navigate to your Downloads folder and double-click on YChanEx.exe.
Create a shortcut for YChanEx:
cd /usr/share/applications
sudo gedit ychanex1.desktop
[Desktop Entry]
Name=YChanEx
Comment=Run YChanEx with Wine
Exec=/bin/bash -c "cd ~/Downloads && wine YChanEx.exe"
Icon=terminal
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Utility;Game;
This should set up YChanEx on your system with a handy shortcut for quick access.
Ebook Readers
Ebook software transforms your gadget into a digital book, making it easy to read on any device. It handles various file types like EPUB, PDF, and Word, each offering different benefits. Knowing these formats helps you pick the best one for your reading habits, giving you a seamless experience.
Calibre is a no-cost e-book program that helps you manage, show, tweak, make, and switch e-book formats. It works well with many e-readers. You can edit EPUB and AZW3 files directly, but other types need converting. It’s packed with useful add-ons, lets you sort your book details, and you can add books wirelessly. While it doesn’t directly remove DRM, there are add-ons for that. Starting with version 6.0, searching your entire library is easier, and you can change content with Python scripts.
Bookworm is a handy, free e-book reader for Windows that reads PDF, EPUB, MOBI, and more. It’s built for everyone, with easy-to-read and fully styled modes. It has voice reading, can read text from images, and connects to Wikipedia for fast term searches. You can move through documents, add notes, and pull articles from the internet. For those who need it, there’s a screen reader, and for others, a feature that reads out loud. Bookworm makes reading accessible to all.
Calibre
Visit the official Calibre website at https://calibre-ebook.com/ for all things Calibre.
To install Calibre through the App Center using DEB, SNAP, or FLATPAK:
For APT installation in the Terminal:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install calibre
For Flatpak installation in the Terminal:
flatpak install flathub com.calibre_ebook.calibre
For command-line installation:
sudo apt install gdebi libglib2.0-0 libxcb-shape0 libxcb-shm0 libxcb-xfixes0 libxcb-randr0 libxcb-image0 libfontconfig1 libgl1-mesa-glx libxi6 libsm6 libxrender1 libpulse0 libxcomposite1 libxslt1.1 libsqlite3-0 libxcb-keysyms1 libxcb-xtest0 ibus libegl1-mesa libxcb-cursor0
sudo -v && wget -nv -O- https://download.calibre-ebook.com/linux-installer.sh | sudo sh /dev/stdin
Bookworm
Visit the official Bookworm website at https://getbookworm.com/ for all things Bookworm.
To install Bookworm from the App Center:
To install Bookworm using APT in the Terminal:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install bookworm
To install Bookworm with Flatpak in the Terminal:
flatpak install flathub com.github.babluboy.bookworm
Virtualization
Virtualization software, like a hypervisor, turns one computer into many virtual ones. It lets you run multiple operating systems on a single PC, uses resources well, makes backups easier, and runs different or old apps smoothly. It also keeps your computer safe from malware and browser risks by keeping dangers separate. For businesses, it boosts cloud services, making them more scalable and efficient, saves money, and betters disaster recovery and testing. It’s key to flexible and powerful computing, doing more with less.
Oracle VirtualBox is a strong virtualization tool for work and home. It works with Windows, Linux, and macOS. It has many features for a great performance and supports a lot of guest operating systems. It’s free and open-source, inviting help from the community while keeping high quality with Oracle’s support. It gets updates often, with new systems and features, and has ready-made VMs for developers.
Virt-manager, made by Red Hat, is a desktop app for managing virtual machines through libvirt. It lets you make, change, start, and stop VMs, and see how they’re doing. It works with KVM, Xen, QEMU, LXC containers, and FreeBSD’s bhyve hypervisor. It has tools for setting up VMs, seeing their screens, copying them, changing their settings, and preparing containers’ file systems.
Oracle VirtualBox
Visit the official Oracle VirtualBox website at https://www.virtualbox.org/ for all things Oracle VirtualBox.
Terminal Installation:
sudo apt update
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/oracle-virtualbox-2016.gpg] https://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/ubuntu noble contrib
wget -O- https://www.virtualbox.org/download/oracle_vbox_2016.asc | sudo gpg --yes --output /usr/share/keyrings/oracle-virtualbox-2016.gpg --dearmor
sudo apt update
sudo apt install virtualbox-7.0
GUI Installation:
https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Linux_Downloads
Remember, you can always check the official VirtualBox website for the latest instructions and updates.
To add a user to the vboxusers group, follow these steps:
This process ensures the user has the necessary permissions to use VirtualBox features. Remember to replace your_username with the username that needs access
Virt-manager
Visit the official Virt-manager website at https://virt-manager.org/ for all things Virt-manager.
To install Virt-manager using a package manager:
For terminal installation with APT:
Gaming
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS makes gaming on Linux exciting. They use tools like Steam Proton and Lutris to run all kinds of games smoothly. This marks a big step for Linux, showing off better performance and hardware support. There are still some issues, like with drivers, but Linux is becoming a solid choice for gaming, focusing on openness and user power.
Wine-Staging is where winehq.org tests new fixes and features. It’s a collection of updates for Wine’s development version, chosen by maintainers. A dedicated team keeps Wine-Staging up-to-date, improving how Wine runs games and apps.
Lutris is a free game manager for Linux that works with Steam, GOG, and more. It makes gaming easy on different systems and supports lots of emulators. Mathieu Comandon and others made Lutris to help keep games playable on PCs turned into open-source consoles.
ProtonUp-Qt is a tool that helps you get GE-Proton, Luxtorpeda, and Wine-GE for Steam and Lutris games on Linux. It’s made to help when Valve’s Proton isn’t enough. The latest update adds new features and fixes for a better gaming setup.
Steam started in 2003 and is a top place for PC games. It updates games automatically and offers tools for developers. Steam has grown to support macOS, Linux, and mobile, and it’s known for the Steam Deck.
DXVK changes Direct3D 9/10/11 into Vulkan for Linux gaming. It makes games run better, showing that Linux can be as good as Windows for gaming.
vkd3d-proton is a version of VKD3D for Proton’s Direct3D 12 support. It focuses on performance and playing games well, using the latest Vulkan features. The newest update brings more support and fixes, helping games run better on Vulkan-compatible platforms.
Wine-Staging
Visit the official Wine-Staging website at https://wiki.winehq.org/Wine-Staging for all things Wine-Staging.
sudo apt update
sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
sudo apt update
sudo mkdir -pm 755 /etc/apt/keyrings
sudo wget -O /etc/apt/keyrings/winehq-archive.key https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/winehq.key
sudo wget -NP /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/debian/dists/bookworm/winehq-bookworm.sources
sudo apt update
sudo apt install winehq-staging gamemode winbind protobuf-compiler libprotobuf-dev libopusfile0 winetricks
This streamlined process should get Wine-Staging up and running on your machine.
Lutris
Visit the official Lutris website at https://lutris.net/ for all things Lutris.
To install from the App Center:
To install via APT in the Terminal:
To install via .deb file from the GUI:
ProtonUp-Qt
Visit the official ProtonUp-Qt website at https://davidotek.github.io/protonup-qt/ for all things ProtonUp-Qt.
To install ProtonUp-Qt through the App Center using a DEB, SNAP, or FLATPAK package:
For Terminal installation using Flatpak:
For GUI installation using AppImage:
Steam
Visit the official Steam website at https://store.steampowered.com/ for all things Steam.
To install from the App Center:
To install using APT in the Terminal:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install steam
To add the Steam repository and install via APT:
sudo apt update
sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/steam-stable.list <<'EOF'
deb [arch=amd64,i386 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/steam.gpg] https://repo.steampowered.com/steam/ stable steam
deb-src [arch=amd64,i386 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/steam.gpg] https://repo.steampowered.com/steam/ stable steam
EOF
sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libgl1-mesa-dri:amd64 libgl1-mesa-dri:i386 libgl1-mesa-glx:amd64 libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 steam-launcher
To install from the Snap Store:
To install via Snap in the Terminal:
sudo snap install steam
To install via Flatpak in the Terminal:
flatpak install flathub com.valvesoftware.Steam
To install a .deb file from the GUI:
DXVK
Visit the official DXVK website at https://github.com/doitsujin/dxvk for all things DXVK.
Vkd3d-proton
Visit the official Vkd3d-proton website at https://github.com/HansKristian-Work/vkd3d-proton for all things Vkd3d-proton.
World Of Warcraft
World of Warcraft beckons players to Azeroth’s expanse. New expansions, like THE WAR WITHIN, unveil hidden realms and foes. Updates, including Dragonflight, refresh the game with dungeons and fresh trials. WoW is a gateway to boundless escapades with comrades, in-game rewards, and a vibrant player base. Dive into the action and join the community.
The Battle.net Client simplifies your gaming life by centralizing all Battle.net games. It’s your one-stop for installing, updating, and launching games, plus shopping and news. It replaces old launchers and connects you to your games with a single login, keeping you signed in for convenience. It patches games in the background and lets you control updates, so you’re always game-ready. Need help? Support is just a click away.
Encountering a black screen in the Lutris World of Warcraft store? This glitch blocks item views and purchases. The guide provides a fix to get the store back up and running. Similarly, the WINE-Staging black screen issue during store access is solvable with the right environment settings, as detailed in the guide.
Solved the DirectX 12 error in World of Warcraft by updating Nvidia drivers from 525 to 545. This issue, tied to DirectX 12 use, can be fixed by tweaking Battle.net and WoW settings.
The Retail WoW Vanilla AddOn Suite merges Shadowlands’ modernity with vanilla WoW’s charm. It packs mods from UI tweaks to quest aids, enhancing your gaming experience.
CurseForge is where gamers find mods for WoW, Minecraft, and more. It’s also a modder’s playground, rewarding creators for downloads. The CurseForge app makes managing addons a breeze, with auto-updates and support for mod authors through revenue sharing or ad-free subscriptions.
Launching Battle.net via command line on Ubuntu 24.04 LTS involves setting up WINE-Staging, installing necessary packages, and adjusting settings. The command line method proves most efficient and can be added to Ubuntu’s startup commands for ease.
Battle.net
Visit the official Battle.net website at https://eu.shop.battle.net/en-gb?from=root for all things Battle.net.
Possible Fix For Lutris World of Warcraft Black Screen In-Game Store Issue
Visit the official World Of Warcraft & Lutris websites at https://worldofwarcraft.blizzard.com/ & https://lutris.net/ for all things World of Warcraft & Lutris.
To fix the black screen in World of Warcraft’s store on Lutris, follow these steps:
If problems persist, update your graphics drivers, like the NVIDIA 550 series, which has helped others.
Possible Fix For WINE-Staging World of Warcraft Black Screen In-Game Store Issue
Visit the official World of Warcraft & WINE-Staging websites at https://worldofwarcraft.blizzard.com/ & https://wiki.winehq.org/Wine-Staging for all things World of Warcraft & WINE-Staging.
To address the black screen issue in World of Warcraft with WINE-Staging, follow these steps:
If problems persist, update your graphics drivers, like the NVIDIA 550 series, which has helped others.
Possible Fix for DirectX 12 Graphics Error
Visit the official DirectX website at https://www.microsoft.com/en-gb/download/details.aspx?id=35 for all things DirectX.
Retail World Of Warcraft Vanilla AddOn Suite
This set of AddOns is designed to give you a better gaming experience. It combines the look and feel of both the Shadowlands and the original WoW with smart updates from older RPGs.
Curseforge
Visit the official Curseforge website at https://www.curseforge.com/wow for all things Curseforge.
To install Curseforge:
To create a desktop shortcut:
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Curseforge
Comment=Curseforge
Exec=./Downloads/CurseForge-1.250.2-17763.AppImage
Icon=terminal
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Utility;Game;
Running Battle.net From The Command Line
To run Battle.net with WINE from the terminal, you can enter the following commands:
sudo apt update
gamemoderun wine "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Battle.net\\Battle.net.exe" --disable-software-rasterizer
Remember to use your own username where needed.
cd /usr/share/applications
sudo gedit Battle.net.desktop
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Battle.net
Exec=gamemoderun wine "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Battle.net\\Battle.net.exe" --disable-software-rasterizer
Icon=/home/your_username/.wine/drive_c/Program Files (x86)/Battle.net/Battle.net.png
Type=Application
Categories=Utility;Game;
Note: On Debian 12 and 12.3, Battle.net may only launch without errors through the command line if you’re using wine-staging. Also, keep in mind that Battle.net and World of Warcraft aren’t officially supported on Linux systems like Ubuntu 24.04 LTS.
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS Command Reference
List Directory Contents
Command: sudo ls directory
Description: Lists the contents of the specified directory.
Change Directory
Command: cd directory
Description: Changes the current working directory to the specified directory.
Go Up One Directory Tier
Command: cd ..
Description: Changes the current working directory to the parent directory, moving up one level in the directory hierarchy.
List All Non-hidden File and Folders
Command: dir
Description: Lists all non-hidden files and folders in the current working directory.
List All Files and Folders Including Hidden
Command: ls -a
Description: Lists all files and folders in the current directory, including hidden ones.
Make a Directory
Command: sudo mkdir directory
Description: Creates a new directory inside the current working directory.
Remove Files
Command: sudo rm filename
Description: Deletes the specified file from the filesystem.
Remove Files and Folders Recursively
Command: sudo rm -r directory
Description: Deletes the specified directory and its contents, including all files and subdirectories.
Copy a File to a Destination
Command: sudo cp filename destination
Description: Copies the specified file to the specified destination.
Copy a Folder to a Destination
Command: sudo cp -R folder destination
Description: Copies the specified folder and its contents to the specified destination.
Move a File or Folder to a Destination
Command: sudo mv filename destination
Description: Moves the specified file or folder to the specified destination.
Rename a File or Folder
Command: sudo mv filename newfilename
Description: Renames the specified file or folder to the new specified name.
Display File Contents
Command: sudo cat filename
Description: Displays the contents of the specified file on the terminal.
List Current Directory Contents
Command: ls ..
Description: Lists the contents of the parent directory of the current working directory.
Mastering APT: Advanced Package Management Techniques
Update Package Lists
Command: sudo apt update
Description: Updates the local package database by retrieving the latest information from the software repositories listed in the sources.list or .list files located in the /etc/apt/sources.list.d folder.
Upgrade Installed Packages
Command: sudo apt upgrade
Description: Upgrades all installed applications to their latest available versions from the repositories, while taking care of any required dependencies.
Full Upgrade Installed Packages
Command: sudo apt full-upgrade
Description: Performs a full upgrade of all packages on the system to their latest available versions. It may also remove packages if necessary.
Package Search
Command: sudo apt search package
Description: Use this command to search for packages that match a specified keyword, which replaces 'package' in the command.
Show Package Information
Command: sudo apt show package
Description: Provides detailed information about a specific package.
Install Packages
Command: sudo apt install package
Description: Installs a package from the software repositories, including any required dependencies.
Remove Packages
Command: sudo apt remove package
Description: Removes a package from the system while preserving any configuration files associated with it.
Purge Packages
Command: sudo apt purge package
Description: Removes a package from the system, including its configuration files, leaving no trace of it on the system.
Auto Remove Packages
Command: sudo apt autoremove
Description: Removes any unused packages and their dependencies from the system, helping to keep the system clean.
List Installed Packages
Command: sudo apt list
Description: Displays a list of all packages currently installed on the system.
Add Repository
Command: sudo add-apt-repository repository
Description: Adds a new software repository to the /etc/apt/sources.list.d folder.
Remove Repository
Command: sudo add-apt-repository -r repository
Description: Removes a previously added repository from the /etc/apt/sources.list.d folder.
Edit Sources File
Command: sudo apt edit-sources
Description: Opens the sources.list file in the default text editor for manual editing of software repository sources.
Fix Broken Dependencies
Command: sudo apt install -f
Description: Attempts to resolve and fix any broken package dependencies by installing missing or conflicting packages.
Retrieve Source Code for a Package
Command: sudo apt source package
Description: Downloads the source code of a package from the repository, which can be useful for development or debugging purposes.
Upgrading the System
Command: sudo do-release-upgrade
Description: Initiates a distribution upgrade process to move the operating system to a newer released version.
Clean Packages
Command: sudo apt clean
Description: Clears the local package cache, with a focus on removing .deb files that are no longer required, to free up disk space.
Auto Clean Packages
Command: sudo apt autoclean
Description: Automatically cleans the local package cache by removing .deb files that are no longer needed, without requiring user confirmation.
Hold Apt Packages
Command: sudo apt mark-hold package
Description: Places a package on hold to prevent it from being updated when running 'sudo apt upgrade.'
Unhold Apt Packages
Command: sudo apt mark-unhold package
Description: Removes the hold on a package, allowing it to be updated when running 'sudo apt upgrade.'
Show Held Packages
Command: sudo apt-mark showhold
Description: Displays a list of all packages that are currently held or pinned on the system.
Package Verification
Command: sudo apt-key verify
Description: Verifies the integrity and authenticity of package repository keys to ensure the security of downloaded packages.
Mastering Flatpak: Installation, Management, and Beyond
Flatpak Installation
Command: flatpak install flatpak
Description: Installs a Flatpak from a remote repository onto your system.
Listing Installed Flatpaks
Command: flatpak list
Description: Provides an overview of all the Flatpak applications currently installed on your system.
Updating Flatpaks
Command: flatpak update
Description: Upgrades all installed Flatpaks to the latest available versions to ensure they are up-to-date.
Running a Flatpak
Command: flatpak run flatpak
Description: Launches an installed Flatpak application on your system.
Uninstalling Flatpak
Command: flatpak uninstall flatpak
Description: Removes a specified Flatpak package from your system.
Flatpak Remote Repository List
Command: flatpak remote-list
Description: Lists the names of Flatpak remote repositories that have been added to your system.
Adding a Flatpak Remote Repository
Command: flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists name url
Description: Adds a new Flatpak remote repository to your system, ensuring it does not already exist.
Removing a Flatpak Remote Repository
Command: flatpak remote-delete name
Description: Removes a specified Flatpak remote repository from your system's configuration.
Snap Operations: A Comprehensive Guide to Installing, Managing, and Exploring Snap Applications
Installing a Snap:
Command: sudo snap install <snap>
Description: Installs a snap application from the Snap Craft database.
Listing Installed Snaps:
Command: sudo snap list
Description: Lists installed snaps on the system.
Updating Snaps:
Command: sudo snap refresh
Description: Upgrades all snaps to the latest available versions.
Running a Snap:
Command: snap run <snap>
Description: Runs an installed snap.
Removing a Snap:
Command: sudo snap remove <snap>
Description: Removes an installed snap from the system.
Searching for Snaps:
Command: sudo snap find <search_term>
Description: Searches the Snapcraft database for snaps matching the search term.
Listing Snap Information:
Command: sudo snap info <snap>
Description: Provides detailed information about an installed snap, including its installed version, publisher, license, and description.
Viewing Snap Connections:
Command: sudo snap connections <snap>
Description: Displays the connections made by an installed snap.
Mastering File Ownership Modification
File Ownership Modification
Command: sudo chown user filename
Description: Changes the ownership of a file or folder to the specified user.
Ownership Modification with Recursion
Command: sudo chown -R user filename
Description: Recursively changes the owner of a file or folder and its contents to the specified user.
Ownership Modification with Group Specification
Command: sudo chown user:group filename
Description: Alters both the owner and group associated with a file or folder.
Silent Ownership Modification
Command: sudo chown -f user filename
Description: Modifies ownership while suppressing error messages if the operation does not succeed.
Verbose Ownership Modification
Command: sudo chown -v user filename
Description: Changes ownership while providing detailed information about the process.
Interactive Ownership Modification
Command: sudo chown -i user filename
Description: Requests confirmation when changing ownership of a file or folder.
Ownership Modification with Timestamp Preservation
Command: sudo chown --preserve-timestamps user filename
Description: Modifies file ownership while preserving timestamps associated with the file.
Mastering File Permissions: A Comprehensive Guide to Managing Access and Security Settings
Change File Permissions
Command: sudo chmod permissions filename
Description: Modifies the permissions on a file or folder to control access and security settings.
Change Permissions Recursively
Command: sudo chmod -R permissions filename
Description: Recursively modifies the permissions for a file or folder and its contents, ensuring consistent access control.
Change File Permissions Numerically
Command: sudo chmod numbers filename
Description: Adjusts the permissions for a file or folder using a numeric code (e.g., 755) to specify access rights for different users.
Change Numerical Permissions Recursively
Command: sudo chmod -R numbers filename
Description: Recursively updates the permissions of a file or folder and its sub-items using a numeric code for precise access control.
Change Permissions with Details
Command: sudo chmod -v permissions filename
Description: Alters ownership of a file or folder while providing detailed information about the permission changes made.
Change Permissions with Confirmation
Command: sudo chmod -i permissions filename
Description: Changes ownership of a file or folder while requesting confirmation for each individual permission modification.
Change Permissions with Reference
Command: sudo chmod --reference=reference-file filename
Description: Sets the ownership of a file or folder to match the permissions of a specified reference file, ensuring consistency in access control settings.
Exploring dpkg: A Comprehensive Guide to Package Management
Install .deb Package
Command: sudo dpkg -i file.deb
Description: Installs a specified .deb file on your system.
Remove .deb Installed Package
Command: sudo dpkg -r package_name
Description: Uninstalls an installed .deb package while preserving its configuration files.
Remove .deb Package with Config Files
Command: sudo dpkg -P package_name
Description: Completely removes an installed .deb package, including its configuration files.
List Installed Packages
Command: sudo dpkg -l
Description: Lists all packages installed on the host system, along with version and description information.
List Files Installed By Package
Command: sudo dpkg -L package_name
Description: Provides a comprehensive list of files installed by a specified package.
Check Package Dependencies
Command: sudo dpkg -I package_name.deb
Description: Verifies and lists the dependencies required by a .deb package.
Reconfigure Installed Package
Command: sudo dpkg-reconfigure package_name
Description: Allows you to modify the configuration settings of an already installed package.
Fix Installs Broken by Installed Packages
Command: sudo dpkg --configure -a
Description: Repairs broken package installations by re-configuring packages that were not properly installed or configured.
Efficient File Retrieval with wget
File Download
Command: wget url
Description: Downloads a file from the specified URL.
Change Output Filename
Command: wget -o filename url
Description: Modifies the filename for the file to be downloaded.
Background File Download
Command: wget -b url
Description: Downloads a file while permitting uninterrupted use of the command line.